Use Python and WebDriver to capture web pages and save them as PDF files

Use Python and WebDriver to implement screenshots of web pages and save them as PDF files

Abstract:
In the process of web development and testing, it is often necessary to screenshot web pages for analysis, recording and reporting. This article will introduce how to use Python and WebDriver to take screenshots of web pages and save the screenshots as PDF files for easy sharing and archiving.

1. Install and configure Selenium WebDriver:

1. Install Python: Visit the Python official website (https://www.python.org/downloads/) to download and install it suitable for your own operating system Python version.
2. Install Selenium Library: Open a terminal or command line and run the following command to install the Selenium library: pip install selenium
3. Install WebDriver: Choose the appropriate WebDriver according to the browser you are using. If you use the Chrome browser, you can go to the ChromeDriver official website (https://sites.google.com/chromium.org/driver/) to download the corresponding version of WebDriver and add it to the environment variables.

2. Write Python code:
The following is a complete Python code example, using WebDriver to intercept the web page of the specified URL and save it as a PDF file.

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException

# 设置Chrome浏览器选项
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument("--headless") # 无界面模式
chrome_options.add_argument("--disable-gpu") 

def save_webpage_as_pdf(url, save_path):
    try:
        # 创建浏览器实例
        driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=chrome_options)
        
        # 调整窗口大小以适应网页
        driver.set_window_size(1280, 800)
        
        # 访问网页
        driver.get(url)
        
        # 等待页面加载完成
        driver.implicitly_wait(5)
        
        # 获取网页高度
        total_height = driver.execute_script("return document.body.scrollHeight")
        
        # 将页面切成多个视口，每个视口高度为800
        viewports = int(total_height / 800) + 1
        
        # 初始化PDF打印选项
        driver.execute_script("document.body.style.webkitPrintColorAdjust='exact'")
        driver.execute_script("document.body.style.background='white'")
        driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, 0)")
        
        # 逐个截取每个视口并保存为PDF
        for i in range(viewports):
            # 设置视口位置，每次向下滚动800像素
            driver.execute_script(f"window.scrollTo(0, {i * 800})")
            
            # 截图并保存为图片文件
            driver.save_screenshot(f"{save_path}_{i}.png")
        
        # 关闭浏览器
        driver.quit()
        
        # 使用Python库将截图合并为PDF
        from PIL import Image
        image_files = [f"{save_path}_{i}.png" for i in range(viewports)]
        images = [Image.open(img) for img in image_files]
        images[0].save(f"{save_path}.pdf", "PDF", save_all=True, append_images=images[1:])
        
        # 删除临时图片文件
        import os
        for img in image_files:
            os.remove(img)
            
        print(f"截图成功，并保存为PDF文件：{save_path}.pdf")
    
    except WebDriverException as e:
        print(f"截图失败：{e}")

# 调用截图函数
save_webpage_as_pdf("https://www.example.com", "example_webpage")

3. Code analysis:

1. Call the webdriver.Chrome() method to create a Chrome browser instance and use the chrome_options parameters Configure interfaceless mode.
2. Use the driver.set_window_size() method to set the browser window size to fit the web page.
3. Use the driver.get() method to access the specified URL.
4. Use the driver.save_screenshot() method to intercept the current browser page and save it as an image file.
5. Use the PIL library to merge screenshots into PDF.

4. Summary:
This article introduces how to use Python and WebDriver to take screenshots of web pages and save the screenshots as PDF files. Through the configuration and use of WebDriver, we can easily take screenshots of web pages, and use Python's image processing library to merge multiple screenshots into PDF files, achieving complete preservation and sharing of web content. This method can be widely used in debugging, recording and reporting scenarios during web development and testing to improve work efficiency and accuracy.

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