Comparison of distributed database management tools: MySQL vs. TiDB

Comparison of distributed database management tools: MySQL vs. TiDB

In today's era of growing data volume and data processing requirements, distributed database management systems are increasingly widely used. MySQL and TiDB are two of the distributed database management tools that have attracted much attention. This article will conduct a comprehensive comparison between MySQL and TiDB and explore their characteristics and advantages.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in various application scenarios. It has good stability, reliability and a mature ecosystem that has been developed and optimized for many years. MySQL uses standard SQL language, which is easy to learn and use.

TiDB is a distributed relational database and an open source project. Its biggest feature is that it supports horizontal expansion and can maintain stable performance under the increasing amount of data. TiDB adopts a distributed architecture, horizontally sharding and storing data on multiple nodes, providing better data reading and writing performance and scalability.

Next, let’s compare the characteristics of these two database management tools in different aspects.

1. Data consistency
   MySQL uses master-slave replication to achieve data consistency, that is, one master node is responsible for receiving write operations and then synchronizing the data to all slave nodes. Although this can improve read and write performance, data delays may occur during the data synchronization process. TiDB uses the Raft protocol to ensure strong data consistency. Each data operation is synchronized to multiple nodes to ensure data consistency and high reliability.
2. Query performance
   MySQL has good query performance in a single node situation. However, as the amount of data increases, the performance of a single node will become a bottleneck, and expansion needs to be achieved through separation of reading and writing and sharding databases and tables. Under the distributed architecture, TiDB has good horizontal scalability and can add nodes according to the growth of data volume, thereby improving query performance.

The following is a sample code that demonstrates how to create a table and insert data in MySQL and TiDB:

MySQL sample code:

CREATE TABLE example (
    id INT PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100),
    age INT
);

INSERT INTO example (id, name, age) VALUES (1, 'John', 25);
INSERT INTO example (id, name, age) VALUES (2, 'Jane', 30);

TiDB sample code:

CREATE TABLE example (
    id INT PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100),
    age INT
);

INSERT INTO example (id, name, age) VALUES (1, 'John', 25);
INSERT INTO example (id, name, age) VALUES (2, 'Jane', 30);

3. Elasticity and Scalability
   MySQL is relatively limited in terms of scalability. When the amount of data increases, expansion needs to be achieved through sub-databases and tables, which increases the complexity of management and maintenance. TiDB has good elasticity and scalability, and nodes can be dynamically added or deleted according to demand, thereby optimizing the data volume and load.

In summary, MySQL is suitable for small-scale data and traditional relational database scenarios, while TiDB is suitable for large-scale data and scenarios that require horizontal expansion. Choosing a suitable database management tool requires evaluation and decision-making based on specific needs and application scenarios.

The above is a comparison of the two distributed database management tools MySQL and TiDB. I hope this article will help you understand and choose suitable database management tools.

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