PHP设计模式之命令模式的深入解析_PHP
命令模式(Command),命令模式是封装一个通用操作的机制。
如果你熟悉C或PHP,你可能已经遇到过Command,它相当于程序中的:回调(callback)。回调通常使用一个函数指针或数据结构如PHP中的字符串和数组实现,Command是在一个方法调用之上的抽象,它吸收了所有面向对象的好处:合成、继承和处理。
例如,《设计模式》一书推荐使用Command存储用户行为链,以支持撤销和重做操作。
注意PHP 5.3函数编程能力(闭包)可以被当做Command模式的一个本地实现,但为每一个命令层次结构使用抽象数据类型有助于类型安全。

在这个模式中,Invoker(调用者)知道传递给它的Command,无需依赖于真实的ConcreteCommand(具体的命令)实现,解决了通过配置进行方法调用相关的问题,如UI控件按钮和菜单等引用一个Command,它们的行为是通过通用的ConcreteCommand实例呈现的。
参与者:
◆Command(命令):在一个方法调用之上定义一个抽象;
◆ConcreteCommand(具体的命令):一个操作的实现;
◆Invoker(调用者):引用Command实例作为它可用的操作。
下面的代码展示了Validator组件作为Command对象实现的示例:
复制代码 代码如下:
/**
* The Command abstraction.
* In this case the implementation must return a result,
* sometimes it only has side effects.
*/
interface Validator
{
/**
* The method could have any parameters.
* @param mixed
* @return boolean
*/
public function isValid($value);
}
/**
* ConcreteCommand.
*/
class MoreThanZeroValidator implements Validator
{
public function isValid($value)
{
return $value > 0;
}
}
/**
* ConcreteCommand.
*/
class EvenValidator implements Validator
{
public function isValid($value)
{
return $value % 2 == 0;
}
}
/**
* The Invoker. An implementation could store more than one
* Validator if needed.
*/
class ArrayProcessor
{
protected $_rule;
public function __construct (Validator $rule)
{
$this->_rule = $rule;
}
public function process(array $numbers)
{
foreach ($numbers as $n) {
if ($this->_rule->IsValid($n)) {
echo $n, "\n";
}
}
}
}
// Client code
$processor = new ArrayProcessor(new EvenValidator());
$processor->process(array(1, 20, 18, 5, 0, 31, 42));
使用PHP设计模式中的命令模式的一些注意事项:
◆方法调用中的某些参数可以在构造ConcreteCommand时提供,有效地局部套用(currying)原始函数;
◆一个Command可以被看作是一个非常简单的只有一个方法的策略(Strategy),重点放在对象的操作上;
◆ConcreteCommands也要组织它们需要的每一个资源,以实现它们的目标,主要是行为的Receiver(接受者),它们调用方法执行一个Command;
◆复合模式,装饰模式和其它模式都可以和命令模式组合,获得更多的Command,装饰Command等等。

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