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PHP设计模式之命令模式的深入解析_PHP

Jun 01, 2016 pm 12:06 PM
php command mode Design Patterns

命令模式(Command),命令模式是封装一个通用操作的机制。

如果你熟悉C或PHP,你可能已经遇到过Command,它相当于程序中的:回调(callback)。回调通常使用一个函数指针或数据结构如PHP中的字符串和数组实现,Command是在一个方法调用之上的抽象,它吸收了所有面向对象的好处:合成、继承和处理。

例如,《设计模式》一书推荐使用Command存储用户行为链,以支持撤销和重做操作。

注意PHP 5.3函数编程能力(闭包)可以被当做Command模式的一个本地实现,但为每一个命令层次结构使用抽象数据类型有助于类型安全。



在这个模式中,Invoker(调用者)知道传递给它的Command,无需依赖于真实的ConcreteCommand(具体的命令)实现,解决了通过配置进行方法调用相关的问题,如UI控件按钮和菜单等引用一个Command,它们的行为是通过通用的ConcreteCommand实例呈现的。
参与者:
◆Command(命令):在一个方法调用之上定义一个抽象;
◆ConcreteCommand(具体的命令):一个操作的实现;
◆Invoker(调用者):引用Command实例作为它可用的操作。
下面的代码展示了Validator组件作为Command对象实现的示例:
复制代码 代码如下:
/** 
 * The Command abstraction. 
 * In this case the implementation must return a result, 
 * sometimes it only has side effects. 
 */
interface Validator 

    /** 
     * The method could have any parameters. 
     * @param mixed 
     * @return boolean 
     */
    public function isValid($value); 


/** 
 * ConcreteCommand. 
 */
class MoreThanZeroValidator implements Validator 

    public function isValid($value) 
    { 
        return $value > 0; 
    } 


/** 
 * ConcreteCommand. 
 */
class EvenValidator implements Validator 

    public function isValid($value) 
    { 
        return $value % 2 == 0; 
    } 


/** 
 * The Invoker. An implementation could store more than one 
 * Validator if needed. 
 */
class ArrayProcessor 

    protected $_rule; 

    public function __construct (Validator $rule) 
    { 
        $this->_rule = $rule; 
    } 

    public function process(array $numbers) 
    { 
        foreach ($numbers as $n) { 
            if ($this->_rule->IsValid($n)) { 
                echo $n, "\n"; 
            } 
        } 
    } 


// Client code 
$processor = new ArrayProcessor(new EvenValidator()); 
$processor->process(array(1, 20, 18, 5, 0, 31, 42));

使用PHP设计模式中的命令模式的一些注意事项:
◆方法调用中的某些参数可以在构造ConcreteCommand时提供,有效地局部套用(currying)原始函数;
◆一个Command可以被看作是一个非常简单的只有一个方法的策略(Strategy),重点放在对象的操作上;
◆ConcreteCommands也要组织它们需要的每一个资源,以实现它们的目标,主要是行为的Receiver(接受者),它们调用方法执行一个Command;
◆复合模式,装饰模式和其它模式都可以和命令模式组合,获得更多的Command,装饰Command等等。
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