Summary of usage of string class in C_javascript skills-JS Tutorial-php.cn

I believe friends who have used MFC programming should be very impressed by the CString class, right? Indeed, the CString class in MFC is really convenient and easy to use. But if we leave the MFC framework, are there any classes that are very convenient to use? The answer is yes. Some people may say that even if you don't use the MFC framework, you can still find ways to use the API in MFC. The specific operation methods are given at the end of this article. In fact, many people may ignore the use of the string class in standard C. The string class function provided in standard C is also very powerful and can generally be used when we develop projects. Now I will list some of the specific usages as follows, just to serve as a starting point. Okay, stop talking nonsense and get to the point!

To use the string class in standard C, you must include

#include // Note that it is , not . The one with .h is the header file in C language

using std::string;

using std::wstring;

using namespace std;

Now you can use string/wstring, which correspond to char and wchar_t respectively.

The usage of string and wstring are the same, only string is used for introduction below:

Constructor of string class:

string(const char *s); //用c字符串s初始化
string(int n,char c);//用n个字符c初始化

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In addition, the string class also supports default constructors and copy constructors, such as string s1; string s2="hello"; are all correct ways of writing. A length_error exception will be thrown when the constructed string is too long to be expressed;

Character operations of string class:

const char &operator[](int n)const;
const char &at(int n)const;
char &operator[](int n);
char &at(int n);
//operator[]和at()均返回当前字符串中第n个字符的位置，但at函数提供范围检查，当越界时会抛出out_of_range异常，下标运算符[]不提供检查访问。
const 
char *data()const;//返回一个非null终止的c字符数组
const char* c_str()const;//返回一个以null终止的c字符串
int copy(char *s, int n, int pos = 0)const;//把当前串中以pos开始的n个字符拷贝到以s为起始位置的字符数组中，返回实际拷贝的数目

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Characteristic description of string:

int capacity()const; //返回当前容量（即string中不必增加内存即可存放的元素个数）
int max_size()const; //返回string对象中可存放的最大字符串的长度
int size()const;  //返回当前字符串的大小
int length()const;  //返回当前字符串的长度
bool empty()const;  //当前字符串是否为空
void resize(int len,char c);//把字符串当前大小置为len，并用字符c填充不足的部分

string类的输入输出操作:
string类重载运算符operator>>用于输入，同样重载运算符operator<<用于输出操作。
函数getline(istream &in,string &s);用于从输入流in中读取字符串到s中，以换行符'\n'分开。

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Assignment of string:

Copy code The code is as follows:

string &operator=(const string &s);//Convert string s Assign to the current string 

string &assign(const char *s);//Assign value with c type string s

string &assign(const char *s,int n);//Assign n characters starting from c string s

string &assign(const string &s);//Assign string s to the current string 

string &assign(int n,char c);//Assign n characters c to the current string 

string &assign(const string &s,int start,int n);//Assign n characters starting from start in string s to the current string 

string &assign(const_iterator first, const_itertor last);//Assign the part between the first and last iterators to the string

string connection:

Copy code The code is as follows:

string &operator =(const string &s);//put string s Concatenate to the end of the current string 

string &append(const char *s); //Concatenate c type string s to the end of the current string 

string &append(const char *s,int n);//Connect the first n characters of c type string s to the end of the current string 

string &append(const string &s); //Same as operator =()

string &append(const string &s,int pos,int n);//Connect n characters starting from pos in string s to the end of the current string 

string &append(int n,char c); //Add n characters c
 to the end of the current string
string &append(const_iterator first, const_iterator last);//Connect the part between the iterator first and last to the end of the current string 

Comparison of strings:

Copy code The code is as follows:

bool operator==(const string &s1,const string &s2)const; //Compare two strings to see if they are equal
The operators ">", "<", ">=", "<=", "!=" are all overloaded for string comparison;
int compare(const string &s) const;//Compare the size of the current string and s
int compare(int pos, int n, const string &s)const;//Compare the current string consisting of n characters starting from pos with the size of s
int compare(int pos, int n, const string &s, int pos2, int n2) const;//Compare the current string consisting of n characters starting from pos with

in s

int compare(const char *s) const;
int compare(int pos, int n,const char *s) const;
int compare(int pos, int n,const char *s, int pos2) const;
The compare function returns 1 when >, -1 when <, and 0 when ==

string的子串：

复制代码代码如下:

string substr(int pos = 0,int n = npos) const;//返回pos开始的n个字符组成的字符串

string的交换：

复制代码代码如下:

void swap(string &s2); //交换当前字符串与s2的值

string类的查找函数：

int find(char c, int pos = 0) const;//从pos开始查找字符c在当前字符串的位置
int find(const char *s, int pos = 0) const;//从pos开始查找字符串s在当前串中的位置
int find(const char *s, int pos, int n) const;//从pos开始查找字符串s中前n个字符在当前串中的位置
int find(const string &s, int pos = 0) const;//从pos开始查找字符串s在当前串中的位置
//查找成功时返回所在位置，失败返回string::npos的值 
int rfind(char c, int pos = npos) const;//从pos开始从后向前查找字符c在当前串中的位置
int rfind(const char *s, int pos = npos) const;
int rfind(const char *s, int pos, int n = npos) const;
int rfind(const string &s,int pos = npos) const;
//从pos开始从后向前查找字符串s中前n个字符组成的字符串在当前串中的位置，成功返回所在位置，失败时返回string::npos的值 
int find_first_of(char c, int pos = 0) const;//从pos开始查找字符c第一次出现的位置
int find_first_of(const char *s, int pos = 0) const;
int find_first_of(const char *s, int pos, int n) const;
int find_first_of(const string &s,int pos = 0) const;
//从pos开始查找当前串中第一个在s的前n个字符组成的数组里的字符的位置。查找失败返回string::npos 
int find_first_not_of(char c, int pos = 0) const;
int find_first_not_of(const char *s, int pos = 0) const;
int find_first_not_of(const char *s, int pos,int n) const;
int find_first_not_of(const string &s,int pos = 0) const;
//从当前串中查找第一个不在串s中的字符出现的位置，失败返回string::npos 
int find_last_of(char c, int pos = npos) const;
int find_last_of(const char *s, int pos = npos) const;
int find_last_of(const char *s, int pos, int n = npos) const;
int find_last_of(const string &s,int pos = npos) const; 
int find_last_not_of(char c, int pos = npos) const;
int find_last_not_of(const char *s, int pos = npos) const;
int find_last_not_of(const char *s, int pos, int n) const;
int find_last_not_of(const string &s,int pos = npos) const;
//find_last_of和find_last_not_of与find_first_of和find_first_not_of相似，只不过是从后向前查找

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string类的替换函数：

string &replace(int p0, int n0,const char *s);//删除从p0开始的n0个字符，然后在p0处插入串s
string &replace(int p0, int n0,const char *s, int n);//删除p0开始的n0个字符，然后在p0处插入字符串s的前n个字符
string &replace(int p0, int n0,const string &s);//删除从p0开始的n0个字符，然后在p0处插入串s
string &replace(int p0, int n0,const string &s, int pos, int n);//删除p0开始的n0个字符，然后在p0处插入串s中从pos开始的n个字符
string &replace(int p0, int n0,int n, char c);//删除p0开始的n0个字符，然后在p0处插入n个字符c
string &replace(iterator first0, iterator last0,const char *s);//把[first0，last0）之间的部分替换为字符串s
string &replace(iterator first0, iterator last0,const char *s, int n);//把[first0，last0）之间的部分替换为s的前n个字符
string &replace(iterator first0, iterator last0,const string &s);//把[first0，last0）之间的部分替换为串s
string &replace(iterator first0, iterator last0,int n, char c);//把[first0，last0）之间的部分替换为n个字符c
string &replace(iterator first0, iterator last0,const_iterator first, const_iterator last);//把[first0，last0）之间的部分替换成[first，last）之间的字符串

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string类的插入函数：

string &insert(int p0, const char *s);
string &insert(int p0, const char *s, int n);
string &insert(int p0,const string &s);
string &insert(int p0,const string &s, int pos, int n);
//前4个函数在p0位置插入字符串s中pos开始的前n个字符
string &insert(int p0, int n, char c);//此函数在p0处插入n个字符c
iterator insert(iterator it, char c);//在it处插入字符c，返回插入后迭代器的位置
void insert(iterator it, const_iterator first, const_iterator last);//在it处插入[first，last）之间的字符
void insert(iterator it, int n, char c);//在it处插入n个字符c

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string类的删除函数

复制代码代码如下:

iterator erase(iterator first, iterator last);//删除[first，last）之间的所有字符，返回删除后迭代器的位置

iterator erase(iterator it);//删除it指向的字符，返回删除后迭代器的位置

string &erase(int pos = 0, int n = npos);//删除pos开始的n个字符，返回修改后的字符串

string类的迭代器处理：

string类提供了向前和向后遍历的迭代器iterator，迭代器提供了访问各个字符的语法，类似于指针操作，迭代器不检查范围。
用string::iterator或string::const_iterator声明迭代器变量，const_iterator不允许改变迭代的内容。常用迭代器函数有：

const_iterator begin()const;
iterator begin(); //返回string的起始位置
const_iterator end()const;
iterator end(); //返回string的最后一个字符后面的位置
const_iterator rbegin()const;
iterator rbegin(); //返回string的最后一个字符的位置
const_iterator rend()const;
iterator rend(); //返回string第一个字符位置的前面
rbegin和rend用于从后向前的迭代访问，通过设置迭代器string::reverse_iterator,string::const_reverse_iterator实现

字符串流处理：

通过定义ostringstream和istringstream变量实现，#include 头文件中
例如：

string input("hello,this is a test");
 istringstream is(input);
 string s1,s2,s3,s4;
 is>>s1>>s2>>s3>>s4;//s1="hello,this",s2="is",s3="a",s4="test"
 ostringstream os;
 os<<s1<<s2<<s3<<s4;
 cout<<os.str();

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以上就是对C++ string类的一个简要介绍。用的好的话它所具有的功能不会比MFC中的CString类逊色多少，呵呵，个人意见！