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基于php无限分类的深入理解_PHP

Jun 01, 2016 pm 12:07 PM
php

无限分类是实际开发中经常用到的一种数据结构,一般我们称之为树形结构。
题设:类似淘宝的商品分类,可以在任意分类设置其子类。
 
一、创建`type`数据表
`id` 自增长
`fid` int(11) 默认(0) ,父节点id
`name` varchar(50),分类名称
复制代码 代码如下:
CREATE TABLE `type` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `fid` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
)

二、添加
我们先添加几个顶级分类
复制代码 代码如下:
INSERT INTO `type` (`id`, `fid`, `name`) VALUES (NULL, '0', '手机');
INSERT INTO `type` (`id`, `fid`, `name`) VALUES (NULL, '0', '电脑');
INSERT INTO `type` (`id`, `fid`, `name`) VALUES (NULL, '0', '鞋子');
INSERT INTO `type` (`id`, `fid`, `name`) VALUES (NULL, '0', '衣服');

这里fid=0是代表顶级分类

接着我们为{电脑}添加几个个子分类
复制代码 代码如下:
INSERT INTO `type` (`id`, `fid`, `name`) VALUES (NULL, '2', '台式'), (NULL, '2', '笔记本');

这里fid=2,2这个id是分类{电脑}的id,如果是添加{鞋子}的子分类则fid=3
同理我们为{笔记本}添加子分类则fid=6
复制代码 代码如下:
INSERT INTO `type` (`id`, `fid`, `name`) VALUES (NULL, '6', 'ausu'), (NULL, '6', 'hp');

三、删除
如果我们想删除{笔记本}这个分类,很简单
复制代码 代码如下:
DELETE FROM `type` WHERE `id`=6

{笔记本}的子分类我们也要记得做相应的处理
复制代码 代码如下:
function del($fid) {
    $sql="SELECT * FROM `type` WHERE `fid`=$fid";
    $rs=mysql_query($sql);

    for ($i = 0; $i         $sql="DELETE FROM `type` WHERE `id`={$rs[$i]['id']}";
        mysql_query($sql);

        del($rs['id']);//递归
    }
}
del(6);//执行操作

这里你也许你会疑惑为什么那么麻烦用递归,而不是直接这样删除
复制代码 代码如下:
DELETE FROM `type` WHERE `fid`=6

这样我们不就可以直接删除{ausu}、{hp}?但是假设{ausu}有一个子分类{a1},{a1}也有一个子分类{a2},如果不用递归我们就无法彻底删除数据。

三、查找
1.查找{电脑}的子分类
复制代码 代码如下:
SELECT * FROM `type` WHERE `fid`=2

2.查找{电脑}的所有子分类
复制代码 代码如下:
function sel($fid) {
    $sql="SELECT * FROM `type` WHERE `fid`=$fid";
    $rs=mysql_query($sql);

    for ($i = 0; $i         echo $rs[$i]['name'];

        sel($rs[$i]['id']);//递归
    }
}
sel(2);

四、实际数据应用
在数据表添加一个字段`tid`,字段值为记录所属分类`type`表的id。必须是id不能是name,因为name的值可能会改变。
例如查询属于{电脑}分类的商品
复制代码 代码如下:
SELECT * FROM `goods` WHERE `tid`=2

注:代码没有运行过可能会有错误,但是思路是正确的,主要的是理解树形结构,而不是记住代码。

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