Golang concurrent programming practice: monitoring and debugging skills of Goroutines

Golang Concurrent Programming Practice: Monitoring and Debugging Skills of Goroutines

Introduction:
With the continuous improvement of computer processing power and the popularity of multi-core processors, concurrent programming has become a modern programming language. Important features. As a programming language that supports concurrency, Golang's built-in Goroutines and Channels mechanism make concurrent programming very easy and efficient. However, concurrent programming also faces some challenges, such as how to monitor and debug the running status and behavior of Goroutines. In this article, we will introduce some practical tips and tools for monitoring and debugging Goroutines in Golang, and demonstrate them with code examples.

1. Monitoring method of Goroutines

1. Use the functions of the runtime package

In Golang, you can use the functions of the runtime package to monitor and obtain Goroutines Related information, such as:

• runtime.NumGoroutine(): Get the number of Goroutines in the current system
• runtime.Gosched(): Actively give up the CPU and let other Goroutines run
• runtime.GOMAXPROCS(): Set the maximum number of CPUs running simultaneously

The following is a sample code that demonstrates how to use the functions of the runtime package to monitor the running status of Goroutines:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "runtime"
)

func main() {
    go func() {
        for {
            fmt.Println("Hello Goroutine")
        }
    }()

    fmt.Println("Number of Goroutines:", runtime.NumGoroutine())

    // 主动让出CPU
    runtime.Gosched()

    fmt.Println("End of program")
}

Run the above code, you can see that the output results will display the number of Goroutines in the current system.

2. Use the pprof package for performance analysis

Golang provides the pprof package, which can easily perform performance analysis, including monitoring the operation of Goroutines. By enabling the pprof service, the status and statistics of Goroutines can be viewed in real time in the browser.

The following is a sample code that demonstrates how to use the pprof package to monitor the running status of Goroutines:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
    _ "net/http/pprof"
)

func main() {
    go func() {
        for {
            fmt.Println("Hello Goroutine")
        }
    }()

    // 启用pprof服务
    go func() {
        http.ListenAndServe("localhost:6060", nil)
    }()

    select {}
}

In the code, we enable the pprof service and access it through the browser http://localhost:6060/debug/pprof/goroutine?debug=1, you can view the detailed information of Goroutines.

2. Debugging method of Goroutines

1. Use GDB debugger

Golang provides relatively simple support for debugging, you can use the GDB debugger to debug Goroutines.

First, we need to build a debuggable binary and turn on debugging mode:

$ go build -gcflags "-N -l"

Then, use GDB to debug:

$ gdb ./your-program
(gdb) break main.main // 设置断点
(gdb) run
(gdb) goroutines // 查看Goroutines信息
(gdb) goroutine n // 切换到第n个Goroutine
(gdb) list // 显示当前Goroutine的代码
(gdb) info locals // 显示当前Goroutine的局部变量
(gdb) info frame // 显示当前Goroutine的栈帧
(gdb) continue // 继续运行

Through the GDB debugger, we can Easily view, debug and trace the operation of Goroutines.

2. Using the Delve debugger

In addition to GDB, there is also a very popular debugger tool called Delve, which provides a more friendly debugging interface and more powerful debugging Function.

First, we need to install Delve:

$ go get -u github.com/go-delve/delve/cmd/dlv

Then, use Delve to debug Goroutines:

$ dlv debug ./your-program
(dlv) break main.main // 设置断点
(dlv) run
(dlv) goroutines // 查看Goroutines信息
(dlv) goroutine n // 切换到第n个Goroutine
(dlv) list // 显示当前Goroutine的代码
(dlv) locals // 显示当前Goroutine的局部变量
(dlv) frame // 显示当前Goroutine的栈帧
(dlv) continue // 继续运行

Through the Delve debugger, we can more conveniently debug and debug Goroutines track.

Summary:
Through some monitoring and debugging techniques introduced in this article, we can have a deeper understanding and mastery of the running status and behavior of Goroutines. These techniques and tools are very helpful in locating problems, improving program performance, and optimizing concurrency architecture. In actual development, we should choose appropriate methods to monitor and debug Goroutines according to specific situations to improve program stability and operating efficiency.

Reference materials:

• https://golang.org/pkg/runtime/
• https://golang.org/pkg/net/http/ pprof/
• https://github.com/go-delve/delve

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