How to build a scalable cache structure using PHP and REDIS

How to use PHP and REDIS to build a scalable cache structure

Caching is an important way to improve the performance of web applications. REDIS is a high-performance open source in-memory database that can be used as a distributed cache option. This article will introduce how to build a scalable cache structure using PHP and REDIS.

1. Installation and configuration of REDIS

First, we need to install REDIS and perform basic configuration.

1.1 Download and install REDIS

You can download the latest version of REDIS from the REDIS official website (https://redis.io/download) and install it according to the official documentation.

1.2 Start the REDIS service

Execute the following command in the command line to start the REDIS service:

redis-server

2. Use PHP to connect to REDIS

Using PHP to connect to REDIS requires installing the REDIS PHP extension. The REDIS PHP extension can be installed via the following command:

pecl install redis

Add the following line in the php.ini file to enable the REDIS extension:

extension=redis.so

Next, use the following code in the PHP code to connect to REDIS :

$redis = new Redis();
$redis->connect('127.0.0.1', 6379); // 请根据实际情况修改主机和端口

3. Using REDIS as cache storage

REDIS has two commonly used cache storage methods: string cache and hash cache. We will introduce how to use these two methods respectively.

3.1 String cache

String cache stores key-value pairs in REDIS, which can flexibly store various types of data.

// 设置缓存
$redis->set('key', 'value');

// 获取缓存
$value = $redis->get('key');

// 判断缓存是否存在
if ($redis->exists('key')) {
    // 缓存存在
} else {
    // 缓存不存在
}

// 删除缓存
$redis->del('key');

3.2 Hash cache

Hash cache stores multiple key-value pairs in the hash table of REDIS, which is more suitable for storing complex data structures.

// 设置缓存
$redis->hSet('hash', 'field1', 'value1');
$redis->hSet('hash', 'field2', 'value2');

// 获取缓存
$value1 = $redis->hGet('hash', 'field1');
$value2 = $redis->hGet('hash', 'field2');

// 获取哈希表中所有字段和值
$data = $redis->hGetAll('hash');

// 判断字段是否存在
if ($redis->hExists('hash', 'field1')) {
    // 字段存在
} else {
    // 字段不存在
}

// 删除字段
$redis->hDel('hash', 'field1');

4. Cache expiration and invalidation processing

The cache needs to set an expiration time to avoid expired data from being used. We can use TTL (Time To Live) to set the cache expiration time.

// 设置缓存，并指定过期时间为60秒
$redis->set('key', 'value', 60);

// 获取缓存的剩余有效时间
$ttl = $redis->ttl('key');

// 设置缓存的过期时间为0，即立即失效
$redis->expire('key', 0);

5. Cache namespace and key name processing

In order to avoid cache key name conflicts and facilitate management, we can use namespaces to distinguish different cached data .

// 设置命名空间
$namespace = 'app:cache';

// 设置缓存，命名空间+键名
$redis->set($namespace . ':key', 'value');

// 获取缓存
$value = $redis->get($namespace . ':key');

// 删除缓存
$redis->del($namespace . ':key');

Through the above methods, we can build a scalable cache structure based on PHP and REDIS to provide high-performance cache support for web applications. At the same time, further expansion and optimization can be carried out according to actual needs.

Summary

This article introduces how to use PHP and REDIS to build a scalable cache structure. By using REDIS as cache storage, we can improve the performance of web applications and reduce access pressure on the database. At the same time, through reasonable cache expiration time and namespace management, a more flexible and controllable caching mechanism can be provided.

References:

• PHP official documentation: https://www.php.net/
• REDIS official documentation: https://redis.io/

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