Use the http.Client function to send customized HTTP requests and get responses

Title: Use the http.Client function to send customized HTTP requests and get responses

In modern network applications, we often need to send HTTP requests and get responses from the server. The standard library in the Go language provides a powerful http package, in which the http.Client type encapsulates the function of sending HTTP requests. This article will introduce how to use the http.Client function to send customized HTTP requests and obtain the server's response.

First, we need to import the http package:

import (
    "net/http"
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
)

Next, we create an object of http.Client type:

client := &http.Client{}

This object will be used to send our customized HTTP request.

We can use the http.NewRequest function to create an object of type http.Request and set some request attributes, such as the requested URL, the requested method, the request header, etc. For example, we can create a GET request and specify the URL to request:

request, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://example.com", nil)
if err != nil {
    fmt.Println("创建请求失败：", err)
    return
}

We can also set the headers of the request. For example, we can set the User-Agent header to simulate different browsers sending requests:

request.Header.Set("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3")

Next, we use the Do method of the http.Client object to send the request and get the server's response. The Do method will return an object of type http.Response, which contains the response status code, response header, response body and other information. We can obtain this information by calling the methods of the Response object. For example, we can get the status code and status information of the response by calling the Status method of the Response object:

response, err := client.Do(request)
if err != nil {
    fmt.Println("发送请求失败：", err)
    return
}
defer response.Body.Close()

fmt.Println("响应状态：", response.Status)

We can also get the header of the response by calling the Header method of the Response object:

fmt.Println("响应头：", response.Header)

Finally , we can get the response body by calling the Body method of the Response object. The body of the response is an object of type io.ReadCloser. We can use the ReadAll function in the ioutil package to read it as a byte slice:

body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(response.Body)
if err != nil {
    fmt.Println("读取响应体失败：", err)
    return
}

fmt.Println("响应体：", string(body))

The above is to use the http.Client function to send a customized HTTP request and get sample code for the response. We can customize the request attributes and obtain the server's response according to different needs. Using the http.Client function can help us easily communicate with the server and implement powerful network applications.

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