An article to help you understand the basic functions of Go language (Part 1)

Release: 2023-07-25 14:20:58
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Why we need functions

Functions are called functions in all programming languages, including Java, PHP, Python, JS, etc. They are all called functions.

The role of a function

is generally described as follows: a function can encapsulate repeated or specific functions into a convenient thing.

Note:In Go, functions support closures of.

When the function is not used

Code

package main


import "fmt"


func main() {
    //模拟一个打开文件,写入一行内容进入文件,在关闭文件的功能
    var file_name = "a.txt" //文件名
    var w_content = "爱我中华"  //写入的内容
    fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("打开 %s 文件",file_name))
    fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("向 %s 文件写入了 %s ", file_name, w_content))
    fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("关闭 %s 文件",file_name))


    //如果再再向其他文件写入内容,还需要复制一次


    var file_name2 = "b.txt" //文件名
    var w_content2 = "中国威武"  //写入的内容
    fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("打开 %s 文件",file_name2))
    fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("向 %s 文件写入了 %s ", file_name2, w_content2))
    fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("关闭 %s 文件",file_name2))
}
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Use After the function,

encapsulates the same function into a function.

package main


import "fmt"


func w_file(filename string, w_content string) {
    fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("打开 %s 文件", filename))
    fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("向 %s 文件写入了 %s ", filename, w_content))
    fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("关闭 %s 文件", filename))
}
func main() {
    //将相同功能封装成函数
    w_file("a.txt", "爱我中华")
    w_file("b.txt", "中国威武")
}
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The results of executing the above code are as follows

An article to help you understand the basic functions of Go language (Part 1)

##ps:But it can be clearly seen that by using functions to extract the same functions, the code will become simpler and neater.


Function usage

Function name naming rules

Try to name functions in camel case, for example: getName, connectData, etc. .

Syntax

In Go, the function language is defined using func Keywords.

func 函数名([参数1 参数类型1,参数2 参数类型2,...]) [(返回值 返回值类型,...)]{
    逻辑代码
}
//中括号表示可选参数
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无参数,无返回值

package main


import "fmt"


func say1() {
    fmt.Println("我终于会说话了...")
}
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有参数,无返回值

func say2(c string) {
    fmt.Println("我终于会说" + c + "了")
}
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有或者无参数,有返回值

func say3(c string) (string) {
    fmt.Println("我终于会说" + c + "了")
    return "哦耶"
}
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main函数

func main() {
    say1()
    say2("你好哇")
    result := say3("你好哇")
    fmt.Printf(result)
}
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结果

An article to help you understand the basic functions of Go language (Part 1)

调用函数

函数名+括号调用函数,如果有参数传入相关参数即可。

package main


import "fmt"


func say() string{
    fmt.Println("我终于会说话了...")
    return ""
}


func main() {
    //函数名+括号调用函数
    say() //结果:我终于会说话了...
}
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注:如果函数有返回值,可以不接收。

函数参数特性

在Go中,如果函数参数都是统一类型,可以这样写。

//arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4参数类型都是string
func say(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4 string) {
  fmt.Println("我终于会说话了...")
}


//arg1,arg2参数是int类型,arg4,arg4是string类型,
func say(arg1, arg2, int, arg3, arg4 string) {
  //表示arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4参数类型都是string
  fmt.Println("我终于会说话了...")
}
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大概意思就是,如果参数不写类型,会以后面碰到的类型为准。

函数的...参数

...参数,也叫可变长参数,有点像Python中的*args

功能是当不知道接收多少个参数时,接收多的参数会放在...中。

...参数需要放在最后面。

代码

package main


import "fmt"


func say(name string, content ...string) {
    fmt.Println(content)        //结果:[666 双击 ok 哦耶]
  fmt.Printf("%T\n", content) //结果:[]string,是切片类型
  fmt.Println("我是"+name, "我说了:")
  //循环切片
  for _, v := range content {
    fmt.Println(v)
  }


}


func main() {
  //函数名+括号调用函数
  say("张三", "666", "双击", "ok", "哦耶") //结果:我终于会说话了...
}
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结果如图所示

An article to help you understand the basic functions of Go language (Part 1)

注:参数是...类型的,他的值是一个切片类型。

函数的返回值

返回值是一个的

package main


import "fmt"


//返回值是一个
func say1() string {
  return "ok"
}
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返回值是多个的,需要用括号括起来

//返回值是多个的,需要用括号括起来
func say2() (int, string) {
  return 1, "ok"
}
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返回值是命名的

//返回值是命名的,不管是多个返回值还是一个返回值,都需要括号
//如果是命名返回值,需要在逻辑代码中,将变量赋值
func say3() (a int, b string) {
  //逻辑代码
  a = 18
  b = "666"
  /*
    直接return即可,不需要retrun a,b
    return的默认就是 a 和 b
    不用跟上述返回一样,返回具体值
  */
  return
}
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main函数

func main() {
  s := say1()
  fmt.Println(s)
  a1, b1 := say2()
  fmt.Println(a1, b1)
  a2, b2 := say3()
  fmt.Println(a2, b2)
}
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结果

An article to help you understand the basic functions of Go language (Part 1)

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source:Go语言进阶学习
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