Things to take stock of the list of Python basics

Release: 2023-07-25 16:05:49
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1. List format

Example:

   namesList = ['xiaoWang','xiaoZhg','xiaa']
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is more powerful than the C language array The point is that the elements in the list can be of different types. <br/>

   testList = [1, &#39;a&#39;]
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2. List related operations ("add", "delete", "modify", "check" )<br/>

<1> Add elements

append() You can add elements to the list through append.

Example:

# 定义变量A,默认有3个元素
A = [&#39;rr&#39;, &#39;rag&#39;, &#39;rte&#39;]


print("-----添加之前,列表A的数据-----")
for tempName in A:
    print(tempName)


# 提示、并添加元素
temp = input(&#39;请输入要添加的学生姓名:&#39;)
A.append(temp)


print("-----添加之后,列表A的数据-----")
for tempName in A:
    print(tempName)
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Run result:<br/>

Things to take stock of the list of Python basics

<2> Modify elements ("change")<br/>

When modifying elements, you must use the subscript to determine what you want to modify. which element it is before it can be modified.

Example:

# 定义变量A,默认有3个元素
A = [&#39;rr&#39;, &#39;rag&#39;, &#39;rte&#39;]
print("-----修改之前,列表A的数据-----")
for tempName in A:
    print(tempName)


# 修改元素
A[1] = &#39;Lu&#39;


print("-----修改之后,列表A的数据-----")
for tempName in A:
    print(tempName)
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Result:<br/>

Things to take stock of the list of Python basics

<3> 查找元素("查"in, not in, index, count)<br/>

python中查找的常用方法为:

  1. in(存在),如果存在那么结果为true,否则为false。

  2. not in(不存在),如果不存在那么结果为true,否则false。

<br/>
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 #待查找的列表    A = [&#39;rr&#39;, &#39;rag&#39;, &#39;rte&#39;]
    #获取用户要查找的名字    findName = input(&#39;请输入要查找的内容:&#39;)
    #查找是否存在    if findName in A:        print(&#39;在字典中找到了相同的内容&#39;)    else:        print(&#39;没有找到&#39;)
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运行结果:(找到)<br/>

Things to take stock of the list of Python basics

运行结果:(没有找到)

Things to take stock of the list of Python basics

注:<br/>

in的方法只要会用了,那么not in也是同样的用法,只不过not in判断的是不存在。

<4> 删除元素("删"del, pop, remove)

  1. del (根据下标进行删除)

<br/>
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 Name = [&#39;加勒比海盗&#39;,&#39;骇客帝国&#39;,&#39;第一滴血&#39;,&#39;霍比特人&#39;,&#39;速度与激情&#39;]
print(&#39;------删除之前------&#39;)for tempName in Name:    print(tempName)
del Name[2]
print(&#39;------删除之后------&#39;)for tempName in Name:    print(tempName)
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结果:<br/>

Things to take stock of the list of Python basics

  1. pop(删除最后一个元素)

Subject= [&#39;数学&#39;, &#39;语文&#39;, &#39;英语&#39;, &#39;地理&#39;, &#39;历史&#39;]
print(&#39;------删除之前------&#39;)for tempSubject in Subject:    print(tempSubject)
del Subject[2]  #删除第二个元素
print(&#39;------删除之后------&#39;)for tempSubject in Subject:    print(tempSubject)
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运行结果:

Things to take stock of the list of Python basics

  1. remove (根据元素的值进行删除)

<br/>
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Subject= [&#39;数学&#39;, &#39;语文&#39;, &#39;英语&#39;, &#39;地理&#39;, &#39;历史&#39;]
print(&#39;------删除之前------&#39;)for tempSubject in Subject:    print(tempSubject)
# del Subject[2]  #删除第二个元素Subject.remove(&#39;英语&#39;)

print(&#39;------删除之后------&#39;)for tempSubject in Subject:    print(tempSubject)
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结果:<br/>

Things to take stock of the list of Python basics

<5> 排序(sort, reverse)

sort方法是将list按特定顺序重新排列,默认为由小到大,参数reverse=True可改为倒序,由大到小。

reverse方法是将list逆置。

a = [1, 4, 2, 3]print(a)
a.reverse()print(a) # 运行结果a.sort()print(a)  # 运行结果a.sort(reverse=True)print(a)  # 运行结果
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运行结果:<br/>

Things to take stock of the list of Python basics

<br/>

三、列表的嵌套<br/>

1. 列表嵌套

类似while循环的嵌套,列表也是支持嵌套的。

一个列表中的元素又是一个列表,那么这就是列表的嵌套。

例:

Letter= [[&#39;A&#39;, &#39;B&#39;],         [&#39;C&#39;, &#39;D&#39;, &#39;E&#39;],         [&#39;F&#39;, &#39;R&#39;]]
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2. 字典列表<br/>

列表中包含字典。比如花名册:

pep1 = {&#39;name&#39;: &#39;蔡同学&#39;, &#39;school&#39;: &#39;北京大学&#39;}pep2 = {&#39;name&#39;: &#39;陈作同&#39;, &#39;school&#39;: &#39;中山大学&#39;}pep_list = [pep1, pep2]for pepo in pep_list:    print(pepo)
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运行结果:<br/>

Things to take stock of the list of Python basics

有的应用场景,会在列表中包含大量的字典, 而且其中的每个字典都会包含拥有众多属性的大对象。<br/>

3. 列表字典

字典包含列表。比如图书的标签,一本书会被标注多个标签:

book = {&#39;title&#39;: &#39;现代艺术150年&#39;,        &#39;tags&#39;: [&#39;数学&#39;, &#39;历史学&#39;]}for tags in book[&#39;tags&#39;]:    print(tags)
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运行结果:

Things to take stock of the list of Python basics


四、总结

    本文详细的讲解了Python基础 。介绍了常见的列表操作,以及在实际操作中会遇到的问题,提供了解决方案。最后通过一个小项目,使读者能够更好的理解Python列表的使用方法。希望可以帮助你更好的学习。

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