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Taking stock of the basics of strings in Python

Release: 2023-07-25 16:14:49
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Why do we need strings?

When calling a browser to log in to some websites, you need to enter a password. After the browser sends the password to the server, the server will verify the password. The verification process is to compare the previous The saved password is compared with the password passed this time. If they are equal, the password is considered correct, otherwise it is considered incorrect; since the server wants to store these passwords, it can use a database (such as MySQL) to achieve this.

Of course, for the sake of simplicity, we can first find a variable to store the password; so how to store passwords with letters? This is where strings are used.


1. The format of strings in Python

is defined as follows Variable a stores a value of numeric type.

   a = 100
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The variable b defined below stores a string type value.

    b = "hello itcast.cn"
    或者
    b = 'hello itcast.cn'
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Small summary:

  • in double quotes or single quotes Data is the string

二、字符串输出

例:

   name = 'ming'
    position = '讲师'
    address = '中山市平区建材城西路金燕龙办公楼1层'


    print('--------------------------------------------------')
    print("姓名:%s"%name)
    print("职位:%s"%position)
    print("公司地址:%s"%address)
    print('--------------------------------------------------')
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结果:

   --------------------------------------------------
    姓名:ming
    职位:讲师
    公司地址:中山市昌平区建材城西路金燕龙办公楼1层
    --------------------------------------------------
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三、字符串输入

input通过它能够完成从键盘获取数据,然后保存到指定的变量中;

注意:input获取的数据,都以字符串的方式进行保存,即使输入的是数字,那么也是以字符串方式保存。

例:

   userName = input('请输入用户名:')
    print("用户名为:%s"%userName)


    password = input('请输入密码:')
    print("密码为:%s"%password)
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结果:(根据输入的不同结果也不同)

Taking stock of the basics of strings in Python


4. Subscripts and slicing

1. Subscript index

So-called"Subscript" is the number, just like the number of the storage cabinet in the supermarket. You can find the corresponding storage space through this number.

"Subscript" in life

Supermarket locker

Taking stock of the basics of strings in Python

The use of "subscript" in strings

#Lists and tuples support subscript indexing for easy understanding. Strings are actually arrays of characters. So subscript indexing is also supported.

If there is a string: name = 'abcdef', the actual storage in memory is as follows:

Taking stock of the basics of strings in Python

If you want to remove some characters, you can use to subscript Method, (note that subscripts in Python start from 0)

  name = 'abcdef'


   print(name[0])
   print(name[1])
   print(name[2])
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运行结果:

Taking stock of the basics of strings in Python

2. 切片的概念:

切片是指对操作的对象截取其中一部分的操作。字符串、列表、元组都支持切片操作。

3. 切片的语法:[起始:结束:步长]

注意:选取的区间属于左闭右开型,即从"起始"位开始,到"结束"位的前一位结束(不包含结束位本身)。

我们以字符串为例讲解。

如果取出一部分,则可以在中括号[]中,使用 :

例:

     name = 'abcdef'


     print(name[0:3]) # 取 下标0~2 的字符
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运行结果 :

Taking stock of the basics of strings in Python

例:

     name = 'abcdef'


     print(name[0:5]) # 取 下标为0~4 的字符
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运行结果:

Taking stock of the basics of strings in Python

例:

     name = 'abcdef'


     print(name[3:5]) # 取 下标为3、4 的字符
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运行结果:

Taking stock of the basics of strings in Python

例:

    name = 'abcdef'


     print(name[2:]) # 取 下标为2开始到最后的字符
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运行结果:

Taking stock of the basics of strings in Python

例:

   name = 'abcdef'


     print(name[1:-1]) # 取 下标为1开始 到 最后第2个  之间的字符
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运行结果:

Taking stock of the basics of strings in Python

>>> a = "abcdef"
 >>> a[:3] #运行结果
 'abc'  
 >>> a[::2]  #运行结果
 'ace'
 >>> a[5:1:2]   
 ''  #运行结果
 >>> a[1:5:2]
 'bd' #运行结果
 >>> a[::-2]
 'fdb'  #运行结果
 >>> a[5:1:-2]
 'fd'   #运行结果
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五、字符串常见16种操作

以字符串'lstr = 'welcome to Beijing Museumitcpps fdsfs',为例。

介绍字符常见的操作。

<1> find

检测 str 是否包含在 lstr中,如果是返回开始的索引值,否则返回-1。

语法:

lstr.find(str, start=0, end=len(lstr))
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例:

lstr = &#39;welcome to Beijing Museumitcpps fdsfs&#39;
print(lstr.find("Museum"))


print(lstr.find("dada"))
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运行结果:

Taking stock of the basics of strings in Python

<2> index

跟find()方法一样,只不过如果str不在 lstr中会报一个异常。

语法:

lstr.index(str, start=0, end=len(lstr))
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例:

lstr = &#39;welcome to Beijing Museumitcpps fdsfs&#39;


print(lstr.index("dada"))
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运行结果:

Taking stock of the basics of strings in Python

<3> count

返回 str在start和end之间 在 lstr里面出现的次数

语法:

lstr.count(str, start=0, end=len(lstr))
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例:

lstr = &#39;welcome to Beijing Museumitcpps  fdsfs&#39;


print(lstr.count("s"))
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运行结果:

Taking stock of the basics of strings in Python

<4> replace

把 lstr 中的 str1 替换成 str2,如果 count 指定,则替换不超过 count 次.

1str.replace(str1, str2,  1str.count(str1))
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例:

lstr = &#39;welcome to Beijing Museumitcpps  fdsfs&#39;


print(lstr.replace("s", "ttennd"))
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运行结果:

Taking stock of the basics of strings in Python

<5> split

以 str 为分隔符切片 lstr,如果 maxsplit有指定值,则仅分隔 maxsplit 个子字符串

1str.split(str=" ", 2)
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例:

lstr = &#39;welcome to Beijing Museumitcpps  fdsfs&#39;


print(lstr.split("to", 5))
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运行结果:

Taking stock of the basics of strings in Python

<6> capitalize

把字符串的第一个字符大写。

1str.capitalize()
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例:

lstr = &#39;welcome to Beijing Museumitcpps  fdsfs&#39;


print(lstr.capitalize())
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运行结果:

Taking stock of the basics of strings in Python

<7> title

把字符串的每个单词首字母大写。

>>> a = "hello itcast"
>>> a.title()
&#39;Hello Itcast&#39; #运行结果
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<8> startswith

检查字符串是否是以 obj 开头, 是则返回 True,否则返回 False

1str.startswith(obj)
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例:

lstr = &#39;welcome to Beijing Museumitcpps  fdsfs&#39;


print(lstr.startswith(&#39;we&#39;))
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运行结果:

Taking stock of the basics of strings in Python

<9> endswith

检查字符串是否以obj结束,如果是返回True,否则返回 False.

1str.endswith(obj)
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例:

lstr = &#39;welcome to Beijing Museumitcpps  fdsfs&#39;


print(lstr.endswith(&#39;hfs&#39;))
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运行结果:

Taking stock of the basics of strings in Python

<10> lower

转换 lstr 中所有大写字符为小写

1str.lower()
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例:

lstr = &#39;welcome to Beijing Museumitcpps  fdsfs&#39;


print(lstr.lower())
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运行结果:

Taking stock of the basics of strings in Python

<11> upper

转换 lstr 中的小写字母为大写

1str.upper()
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例:

lstr = &#39;welcome to Beijing Museumitcpps  fdsfs&#39;


print(lstr.upper())
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运行结果:

Taking stock of the basics of strings in Python

<12> strip

删除lstr字符串两端的空白字符。

>>> a = "\n\t itcast \t\n"
>>> a.strip()
&#39;itcast&#39;  #运行结果
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<13> rfind

类似于 find()函数,不过是从右边开始查找。

1str.rfind(str, start=0,end=len(1str) )
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例:

lstr = &#39;welcome to Beijing Museumitcpps  fdsfs&#39;
print(lstr.rfind(&#39;eijing&#39;))
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运行结果:

Taking stock of the basics of strings in Python

<14> rindex

类似于 index(),不过是从右边开始。

1str.rindex( str, start=0,end=len(1str))
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例:

lstr = &#39;welcome to Beijing Museumitcpps  fdsfs&#39;
print(lstr.rindex(&#39;eijing&#39;))
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运行结果:

Taking stock of the basics of strings in Python

<15> partition

把lstr以str分割成三部分,str前,str和str后。

1str.partition(str)
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例:

lstr = &#39;welcome to Beijing Museumitcpps  fdsfs&#39;
print(lstr.partition(&#39;eijing&#39;))
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运行结果:

Taking stock of the basics of strings in Python

<16> join

mystr 中每个字符后面插入str,构造出一个新的字符串。

lstr = &#39;welcome to Beijing Museumitcpps  fdsfs&#39;
str=&#39;233&#39;
lstr.join(str)
li=["my","name","is","LY"]
print(str.join(li))
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运行结果:

Taking stock of the basics of strings in Python


六、总结

本文详细的讲解了Python基础 ( 字符串 )。介绍了有关字符串,切片的操作。下标索引。以及在实际操作中会遇到的问题,提供了解决方案。希望可以帮助你更好的学习Python。

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