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JSON在PHP中的应用介绍_PHP

Jun 01, 2016 pm 12:10 PM
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从5.2版本开始,PHP原生提供json_encode()和json_decode()函数,前者用于编码,后者用于解码。
一、json_encode()
该函数主要用来将数组和对象,转换为json格式。先看一个数组转换的例子:
  $arr = array ('a'=>1,'b'=>2,'c'=>3,'d'=>4,'e'=>5);
  echo json_encode($arr);
结果为
  {"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5}
再看一个对象转换的例子:
复制代码 代码如下:
  $obj->body = 'another post';
  $obj->id = 21;
  $obj->approved = true;
  $obj->favorite_count = 1;
  $obj->status = NULL;
  echo json_encode($obj);

结果为
复制代码 代码如下:
  {
    "body":"another post",
    "id":21,
    "approved":true,
    "favorite_count":1,
    "status":null
  }

由于json只接受utf-8编码的字符,所以json_encode()的参数必须是utf-8编码,否则会得到空字符或者null。当中文使用GB2312编码,或者外文使用ISO-8859-1编码的时候,这一点要特别注意。

二、索引数组和关联数组

PHP支持两种数组,一种是只保存"值"(value)的索引数组(indexed array),另一种是保存"名值对"(name/value)的关联数组(associative array)。
由于javascript不支持关联数组,所以json_encode()只将索引数组(indexed array)转为数组格式,而将关联数组(associative array)转为对象格式。
比如,现在有一个索引数组
复制代码 代码如下:
  $arr = Array('one', 'two', 'three');
  echo json_encode($arr);

结果为:
  ["one","two","three"]
如果将它改为关联数组:
  $arr = Array('1′=>'one', '2′=>'two', '3′=>'three');
  echo json_encode($arr);
结果就变了:
  {"1″:"one","2″:"two","3″:"three"}
注意,数据格式从"[]"(数组)变成了"{}"(对象)。
如果你需要将"索引数组"强制转化成"对象",可以这样写
  json_encode( (object)$arr );
或者
  json_encode ( $arr, JSON_FORCE_OBJECT );

三、类(class)的转换

下面是一个PHP的类:
复制代码 代码如下:
  class Foo {
    const ERROR_CODE = '404′;
    public $public_ex = 'this is public';
    private $private_ex = 'this is private!';
    protected $protected_ex = 'this should be protected';
    public function getErrorCode() {
      return self::ERROR_CODE;
    }
  }

现在,对这个类的实例进行json转换:
复制代码 代码如下:
  $foo = new Foo;
  $foo_json = json_encode($foo);
  echo $foo_json;

输出结果是
  {"public_ex":"this is public"}
可以看到,除了公开变量(public),其他东西(常量、私有变量、方法等等)都遗失了。

四、json_decode()

该函数用于将json文本转换为相应的PHP数据结构。下面是一个例子:
复制代码 代码如下:
  $json = '{"foo": 12345}';
  $obj = json_decode($json);
  print $obj->{'foo'}; // 12345

通常情况下,json_decode()总是返回一个PHP对象,而不是数组。比如:
  $json = '{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5}';
  var_dump(json_decode($json));
结果就是生成一个PHP对象:
复制代码 代码如下:
  object(stdClass)#1 (5) {
    ["a"] => int(1)
    ["b"] => int(2)
    ["c"] => int(3)
    ["d"] => int(4)
    ["e"] => int(5)
  }

如果想要强制生成PHP关联数组,json_decode()需要加一个参数true:
  $json = '{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5}';
  var_dump(json_decode($json),true);
结果就生成了一个关联数组:
复制代码 代码如下:
  array(5) {
     ["a"] => int(1)
     ["b"] => int(2)
     ["c"] => int(3)
     ["d"] => int(4)
     ["e"] => int(5)
  }


五、json_decode()的常见错误

下面三种json写法都是错的,你能看出错在哪里吗?
复制代码 代码如下:
  $bad_json = "{ 'bar': 'baz' }";
  $bad_json = '{ bar: "baz" }';
  $bad_json = '{ "bar": "baz", }';

对这三个字符串执行json_decode()都将返回null,并且报错。
第一个的错误是,json的分隔符(delimiter)只允许使用双引号,不能使用单引号。第二个的错误是,json名值对的"名"(冒号左边的部分),任何情况下都必须使用双引号。第三个的错误是,最后一个值之后不能添加逗号(trailing comma)。
另外,json只能用来表示对象(object)和数组(array),如果对一个字符串或数值使用json_decode(),将会返回null。
var_dump(json_decode("Hello World")); //null
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