Sending WebSocket requests and handling responses using the new HttpClient in Java 13

Use the new HttpClient in Java 13 to send WebSocket requests and handle responses

With the release of Java 11, the Java platform began to support the native WebSocket API. However, in Java 13, the new HttpClient API provides a simpler and easier-to-use way to send and handle WebSocket requests. In this article, we will learn how to send WebSocket requests and handle responses using the new HttpClient in Java 13.

First, we need to create a WebSocket connection. In Java 13, we can use the newWebSocketBuilder() method of the HttpClient class to create a WebSocket connection. The following is a code example to create a WebSocket connection:

import java.net.URI;
import java.net.http.HttpClient;
import java.net.http.WebSocket;
import java.net.http.WebSocket.Builder;

public class WebSocketClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HttpClient client = HttpClient.newHttpClient();
        WebSocket.Builder builder = client.newWebSocketBuilder();

        // 设置WebSocket服务器的URI
        URI uri = URI.create("ws://localhost:8080/websocket");

        // 创建WebSocket连接
        WebSocket ws = builder.buildAsync(uri, new WebSocketListener()).join();

        // 发送消息到WebSocket服务器
        ws.sendText("Hello, WebSocket!");

        // 关闭WebSocket连接
        ws.sendClose(WebSocket.NORMAL_CLOSURE, "Done");
    }

    static class WebSocketListener implements WebSocket.Listener {
        @Override
        public void onOpen(WebSocket webSocket) {
            System.out.println("Connected to server");
        }

        @Override
        public CompletionStage<?> onText(WebSocket webSocket, CharSequence data, boolean last) {
            System.out.println("Received message: " + data);
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        public CompletionStage<?> onClose(WebSocket webSocket, int statusCode, String reason) {
            System.out.println("Closed: " + statusCode + " " + reason);
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        public void onError(WebSocket webSocket, Throwable error) {
            System.out.println("Error: " + error.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

In the above code, we first create a HttpClient object and call the newWebSocketBuilder() method to create A Builder object. Then, we set the URI of the WebSocket server and created a WebSocket object using the buildAsync() method. Next, we use the sendText() method to send a text message to the WebSocket server. Finally, we close the WebSocket connection using the sendClose() method.

In the WebSocketListener class, we implement the WebSocket.Listener interface to handle WebSocket events. The onOpen() method is called when the WebSocket connection is opened. The onText() method is called when a text message is received. The onClose() method is called when the WebSocket connection is opened. Called when closing, the onError() method is called when an error occurs.

Now, we have learned how to send WebSocket requests and handle responses using the new HttpClient in Java 13. Let's compile and run the above code to see the results.

Summary:

In this article, we learned how to use the new HttpClient in Java 13 to send WebSocket requests and process responses. By using the newWebSocketBuilder() method to create a WebSocket connection and implementing the WebSocket.Listener interface to handle WebSocket events, we can easily send and receive WebSocket messages. I hope this article is helpful for you to understand the new HttpClient WebSocket functionality in Java 13.

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