How to use the datetime module for date and time processing in Python 3.x

How to use the datetime module for date and time processing in Python 3.x

In Python programming, it is often necessary to process dates and times. Python's datetime module provides some powerful functionality for working with date and time objects. This article will introduce how to use the datetime module for date and time processing, and give some practical code examples.

1. Import datetime module

To use the datetime module, you first need to import it:

import datetime

2. Get the current date and time

Use the datetime.datetime.now() method to get the current date and time. The following code example demonstrates how to get the current date and time and print the output:

import datetime

now = datetime.datetime.now()
print("当前日期和时间：", now)

Run the above code, the output is as follows:

当前日期和时间： 2022-01-01 12:34:56.789012

3. Create an object with the specified date and time

You can use the datetime.datetime(year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond) method to create a datetime object specifying the date and time. The following code example creates a datetime object and prints the output:

import datetime

dt = datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999)
print("指定的日期和时间：", dt)

Run the above code, the output is as follows:

指定的日期和时间： 2021-12-31 23:59:59.999999

4. Get the various parts of the date and time

The datetime object has many properties and methods that can be used to obtain various parts of the date and time. The following code example demonstrates how to get the year, month, day, hour, minutes, seconds, and microseconds:

import datetime

now = datetime.datetime.now()

year = now.year
month = now.month
day = now.day
hour = now.hour
minute = now.minute
second = now.second
microsecond = now.microsecond

print("当前日期和时间：", now)
print("年：", year)
print("月：", month)
print("日：", day)
print("小时：", hour)
print("分钟：", minute)
print("秒：", second)
print("微秒：", microsecond)

Running the above code, the output is as follows:

当前日期和时间： 2022-01-01 12:34:56.789012
年： 2022
月： 1
日： 1
小时： 12
分钟： 34
秒： 56
微秒： 789012

5. Date and time Addition and subtraction operations

The datetime object supports addition and subtraction operations for dates and times. You can use the timedelta object to specify the time intervals to be added or subtracted. The following code example demonstrates how to add and subtract dates and times:

import datetime

now = datetime.datetime.now()

one_day = datetime.timedelta(days=1)
yesterday = now - one_day
tomorrow = now + one_day

print("昨天：", yesterday)
print("明天：", tomorrow)

one_hour = datetime.timedelta(hours=1)
one_hour_later = now + one_hour
one_hour_ago = now - one_hour

print("一个小时前：", one_hour_ago)
print("一个小时后：", one_hour_later)

Run the above code and the output will be as follows:

昨天： 2021-12-31 12:34:56.789012
明天： 2022-01-02 12:34:56.789012
一个小时前： 2022-01-01 11:34:56.789012
一个小时后： 2022-01-01 13:34:56.789012

6. Format dates and times

You can use the strftime() method to format a datetime object into a string. The following code example demonstrates how to format dates and times into different string representations:

import datetime

now = datetime.datetime.now()

# 输出日期部分
print("当前年月日：", now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))
print("当前月日年：", now.strftime("%m/%d/%Y"))

# 输出时间部分
print("当前时分秒：", now.strftime("%H:%M:%S"))
print("当前时分秒（12小时制）：", now.strftime("%I:%M:%S %p"))
print("当前时分秒微秒：", now.strftime("%H:%M:%S.%f"))

# 输出星期几
print("当前星期几：", now.strftime("%A"))

Run the above code, the output is as follows:

当前年月日： 2022-01-01
当前月日年： 01/01/2022
当前时分秒： 12:34:56
当前时分秒（12小时制）： 12:34:56 PM
当前时分秒微秒： 12:34:56.789012
当前星期几： Saturday

This article describes how to format dates and times in Python 3.x Use the datetime module for basic operations on date and time processing. Once you master these basics, you can more easily handle date and time data and develop time-related applications more efficiently. Hope this article is helpful to you!

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