How to use Docker to build a highly available distributed file storage system on Linux?

How to use Docker to build a highly available distributed file storage system on Linux?

Abstract: This article introduces how to use Docker to build a highly available distributed file storage system. We will use GlusterFS as the file system and deploy it on multiple nodes using Docker containers for high availability.

1. Introduction
   Before building a highly available distributed file storage system, we need to understand some corresponding concepts and technologies. GlusterFS is a powerful, scalable, distributed file system that can combine storage spaces on multiple computers into a unified file system. Docker is a lightweight containerization platform that packages applications and their dependencies into a standalone container, enabling isolation and cross-platform deployment.
2. Preparation
   Before you begin, make sure you have the latest versions of Docker and Docker Compose installed. Verify using the following command:

docker version
docker-compose version

3. Create GlusterFS container
   First, we need to create a GlusterFS container on each node. Create a directory called gluster1 and create a file inside it called docker-compose.yml and add the following content:

version: '3'

services:
  glusterfs:
    image: gluster/gluster-centos
    volumes:
      - ./data:/data
    privileged: true
    network_mode: "host"

Then, use the following command to start the container:

docker-compose up -d

Repeat the above steps to create corresponding containers on other nodes. Make sure volumes and network_mode are set correctly in each container's docker-compose.yml file.

4. Create GlusterFS volumes
   Now, we need to create GlusterFS volumes on each node. Execute the following command on each node:

docker exec -it <容器名称> gluster volume create <卷名称> replica <副本数> transport tcp <IP>:<端口号>/data force

where container name is the name of the GlusterFS container, volume name is the name of the volume you want to create , Number of replicas is the number of replicas you want to create, IP and Port number are the IP address and port number of the node used for communication. You can use the docker ps command to view the name of the container.

For example, execute the following command on the gluster1 node:

docker exec -it gluster1 gluster volume create vol0 replica 2 transport tcp gluster1:49152,data gluster2:49152,data force

Execute the same command on the gluster2 node.

5. Start the GlusterFS volume
   Execute the following command on each node to start the GlusterFS volume:

docker exec -it <容器名称> gluster volume start <卷名称>

For example, execute on the gluster1 node The following command:

docker exec -it gluster1 gluster volume start vol0

Execute the same command on the gluster2 node.

6. Configuring the File System Client
   Now, we need to install the GlusterFS client on each node and mount the created volume. Execute the following command on each node:

sudo apt-get install glusterfs-client
sudo mount -t glusterfs <IP>:<卷名称> /mnt/glusterfs

Where, IP is the IP address of the GlusterFS server, and Volume name is the name of the volume you created.

For example, execute the following command on the gluster1 node:

sudo apt-get install glusterfs-client
sudo mount -t glusterfs gluster1:/vol0 /mnt/glusterfs

Execute the same command on the gluster2 node.

7. Test File Storage System
   Now, we have successfully built a highly available distributed file storage system. You can use the /mnt/glusterfs directory for read and write operations and verify that it is in sync on the other nodes.

echo "Hello, GlusterFS!" > /mnt/glusterfs/test.txt
cat /mnt/glusterfs/test.txt

Execute the following command on another node to ensure that the file has been successfully synchronized:

cat /mnt/glusterfs/test.txt

Conclusion
This article introduces how to use Docker to build a highly available distributed file Storage System. By using GlusterFS and Docker containers, we can quickly and easily achieve high availability and data redundancy. I hope this article was helpful and I wish you a successful build!

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