How to use the os module to execute system commands in Python 2.x

Python is a powerful and easy-to-learn programming language that can be used not only to develop various applications but also to execute system commands. In Python 2.x, we can use the os module to execute system commands. This article will introduce how to use the os module to execute system commands in Python 2.x and provide some code examples.

First, we need to import the os module:

import os

Next, we can use the os.system() function to execute system commands. This function accepts a string parameter, which is the system command to be executed. The following is a simple example that demonstrates how to use the os.system() function to execute system commands:

import os

# 执行系统命令
os.system('ls')

The above code will execute the ls command and display the current directory files and folders. Note that the os.system() function will return the command's exit status after executing the command. If the command execution is successful, 0 is returned; otherwise, a non-zero value is returned.

In addition to the os.system() function, Python 2.x also provides other functions for executing system commands. For example, we can use the os.popen() function to execute a system command and obtain the output of the command. Here is an example:

import os

# 执行系统命令，并获取输出
output = os.popen('ls').read()
print(output)

The above code will execute the ls command and store the output in the output variable and then print the output.

In addition, the os module also provides the os.spawn*() function series for lower-level process management. These functions enable more fine-grained control of process execution.

Finally, it should be noted that there are some security risks in using the os module to execute system commands. Especially where user input is passed directly to the command, there may be a risk of command injection. Therefore, when writing code, be sure to handle user input with caution and avoid passing user input directly to system commands.

To summarize, it is relatively simple to use the os module to execute system commands in Python 2.x. Through the os.system() function and the os.popen() function, we can execute system commands and get the output. But be aware of security risks and avoid passing user input directly to system commands. I hope the code examples provided in this article will be helpful to you in executing system commands in Python development.

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