How to use the os module to execute system commands in Python 3.x

How to use the os module to execute system commands in Python 3.x

In the standard library of Python 3.x, the os module provides a series of methods for executing system commands. In this article, we will learn how to use the os module to execute system commands and give corresponding code examples.

The os module in Python is an interface for interacting with the operating system. It provides methods such as executing system commands, accessing files and directories, etc. The following are some commonly used os module methods, which can be used when executing system commands:

• os.system(command): Execute the specified command and return the status code of the command execution.
• os.popen(command): Execute the specified command and return a file object, which can be used to read the output of the command execution.
• os.exec(command): Execute the specified command, but does not return the output of the command execution.
• os.spawn(command): Create a new process and execute the specified command in the new process.
• os.spawnv(mode, path, args): Create a new process and execute the specified command in the new process.

Next, we will use code examples to demonstrate how to use the os module to execute system commands. We first use the os.system() method to execute a simple command.

import os

# 执行ls命令
os.system('ls')

In the above code, we imported the os module and then used the os.system() method to execute the ls command. This command will list the files and subfolders of the current directory.

Next, we use the os.popen() method to execute the command and read the output of the command.

import os

# 执行ls命令，并读取输出
output = os.popen('ls')

# 打印输出结果
print(output.read())

In the above code, we use the os.popen() method to execute the ls command and save the output result to the output variable. Then, we use the output.read() method to read the output content and print it out through the print statement.

In addition to executing simple commands, we can also use the os module to execute more complex commands. For example, we can execute a command with parameters.

import os

# 执行带参数的命令
os.system('ls -l')

In the above code, we executed the ls command with parameters. The parameter "-l" means displaying files and folders in a long list.

In addition to executing system commands, the os module also provides some methods that can be used to access files and directories. For example, we can use the os.chdir() method to change the current working directory, use the os.mkdir() method to create a new folder, use the os.rmdir() method to delete a folder, and so on.

To sum up, the os module in Python 3.x provides a series of methods for executing system commands. We can use os.system(), os.popen(), os.exec(), os.spawn() and other methods to execute commands and obtain the output of the command. In addition, there are other methods to access files and directories.

I hope this article will help you execute system commands in Python. Have fun using Python!

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