What are the techniques for learning MySQL database caching and read-write separation?

What are the techniques for learning MySQL database caching and read-write separation?

MySQL is a commonly used relational database management system. Its high performance and reliability make it the database of choice for many enterprises. In order to further improve the performance and availability of MySQL, we can learn some database caching and read-write separation techniques.

Database caching is a technology that caches hot data in memory, aiming to improve the access speed and response time of the database. There are a variety of caching mechanisms to choose from in MySQL, including query cache, InnoDB cache, and in-memory tables. We’ll go over each of these techniques below.

1. Query cache

Query cache is a caching mechanism that comes with MySQL. It can cache query statements and result sets. When the same query is executed again, it can The results are retrieved directly from the cache, avoiding the overhead of querying the database again. In MySQL version 8.0, the query cache has been deprecated due to some performance issues.

2. InnoDB Cache

InnoDB is a storage engine of MySQL that supports caching data in memory, called InnoDB cache or Buffer Pool. When data is accessed, MySQL will first query the InnoDB cache. If the data exists in the cache, the result will be returned directly, avoiding disk IO operations. The size of the InnoDB cache can be adjusted by setting the configuration parameter innodb_buffer_pool_size.

The following is an example of setting the InnoDB cache size:

SET GLOBAL innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G;

3. Memory table

The memory table in MySQL is a special table. Store data in memory for quick access. If the data in a table is often read and rarely modified, consider using an in-memory table to speed up queries. Memory tables can be created by specifying ENGINE=MEMORY when creating the table.

The following is an example of creating a memory table:

CREATE TABLE my_table (
    id INT PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100)
) ENGINE=MEMORY;

Read and write separation is a technology that separates read operations and write operations, which can improve the concurrency performance of the database. In high-concurrency scenarios, distributing read operations to multiple slave databases can reduce the pressure on the master database and improve the system's processing capabilities.

MySQL's read-write separation can be achieved through master-slave replication. The master database is responsible for write operations, and the slave database is responsible for read operations. The master database transfers the log of write operations to the slave database, and the slave database automatically replays these operations to maintain data consistency.

The following is an example of configuring MySQL master-slave replication:

1. Edit the configuration file my.cnf on the master database and add the following configuration:

server-id = 1
log-bin = mysql-bin
binlog-do-db = my_database

2. Create an account for replication on the master database and authorize:

CREATE USER 'replication'@'slave_ip' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'replication'@'slave_ip';

3. Edit the configuration file my.cnf on the slave database and add the following configuration:

server-id = 2
log-bin = mysql-bin
relay-log = mysql-relay-bin
replicate-do-db = my_database

4. Execute the following command on the slave database to start the slave database replication process:

CHANGE MASTER TO
    MASTER_HOST='master_ip',
    MASTER_USER='replication',
    MASTER_PASSWORD='password',
    MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
    MASTER_LOG_POS=4;
START SLAVE;

By learning MySQL’s database caching and read-write separation skills, we can further improve MySQL database performance and availability. By properly configuring the cache mechanism and achieving read-write separation, the load on the database can be effectively reduced and the system's concurrent processing capabilities can be improved.

(The above code examples are for demonstration purposes only, please adjust the specific configuration parameters and operations according to the actual situation)

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