What are the synchronization mechanisms in go language?

Go language synchronization mechanisms include: 1. Mutex lock, which is one of the most basic synchronization primitives in Go; 2. Read-write mutex lock, which can improve concurrency performance; 3. Condition variables, used for Synchronization primitive for communication between multiple goroutines; 4. Channel, the main mechanism for communication between goroutines; 5. Atomic operations, a mechanism for simple operations to achieve concurrency safety; 6. Once, used for A synchronization primitive that guarantees that an operation is performed only once.

The operating environment of this article: Windows 10 system, go1.20 version, DELL G3 computer.

Go language is a programming language that emphasizes concurrent programming. It provides a rich synchronization mechanism at the language level to facilitate developers to write efficient and reliable concurrent programs. This article will introduce the commonly used synchronization mechanisms in the Go language.

1. Mutex lock (Mutex)

Mutex lock is one of the most basic synchronization primitives in the Go language. It provides Lock() and Unlock() methods to ensure that only one goroutine can access a shared resource at the same time. When a goroutine acquires a mutex lock, other goroutines will be blocked until the lock is released.

2. Read and write mutex (RWMutex)

RWMutex is an extension of the mutex, which provides different methods for read and write operations on shared resources. lock mechanism. Multiple goroutines can acquire read locks at the same time, but only one goroutine can acquire write locks. The advantage of the read-write mutex is that it can improve concurrency performance in scenarios where there are far more read operations than write operations.

3. Condition variable (Cond)

Condition variable is a synchronization primitive used for communication between multiple goroutines. It implements waiting and waking up operations by providing methods such as Wait(), Signal() and Broadcast(). A goroutine can wait for a certain condition to be met on a condition variable, and other goroutines can notify the waiting goroutine to continue execution through the Signal() or Broadcast() method when the condition is met.

4. Channel

Channel is the main mechanism used for communication between goroutines in the Go language. It can pass data between different goroutines and synchronize through channel read and write operations. The channel provides blocking operations. When the channel is read empty or filled, the corresponding operation will be blocked until data is written or read.

5. Atomic operation (Atomic)

Atomic operation is a mechanism for simple operations to achieve concurrency safety. It provides atomic read and write operations to ensure consistency in a concurrent environment. In Go language, atomic operations mainly include atomic loading, storage, exchange, comparison, etc.

6. Once

Once is a synchronization primitive used to ensure that an operation is performed only once. Among multiple goroutines, only the first goroutine that calls the Once.Do() method will perform the operation, and other goroutines will be blocked until the first operation is completed.

This article introduces the commonly used synchronization mechanisms in the Go language, including mutex locks, read-write mutex locks, condition variables, channels, atomic operations, and Once. These mechanisms provide developers with a simple, efficient, and safe way to handle concurrent programming. By properly selecting and using these synchronization mechanisms, more reliable and efficient concurrent programs can be written.

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