What are the backup and recovery strategies for learning MySQL?

What are the backup and recovery strategies for learning MySQL?

MySQL is a popular open source relational database management system. Backup and recovery are important links in ensuring database security and integrity. Backup is to copy the data and objects in the database to other locations so that the data can be restored if the data is lost or damaged; recovery is to use backup to restore the database to its previous state. This article will introduce several common MySQL backup and recovery strategies and provide corresponding code examples.

1. Backup strategy

1.1 Logical backup
Logical backup is to export the data in the database into SQL statements or logical format files for recovery when needed . MySQL provides a variety of logical backup tools, such as mysqldump, etc. The following is a code example using mysqldump for logical backup:

$ mysqldump -u<用户名> -p<密码> -h<主机名> <数据库名> > backup.sql

1.2 Physical backup
Physical backup directly copies the database file to the backup location, which can quickly restore large-scale data. A common physical backup method is to use the rsync or cp command to back up the MySQL data directory, for example:

$ rsync -avP <数据目录> <备份目录>

2. Recovery strategy

2.1 Logical recovery
Logical recovery is to restore the logical Import the backup file into the database and restore the data to its previous state. You can use the mysql command line client to execute SQL files, as shown below:

$ mysql -u<用户名> -p<密码> -h<主机名> <数据库名> < backup.sql

2.2 Physical recovery
Physical recovery is to copy the physical backup data files back to the database directory, and perform the corresponding configuration before starting Database service is enough. An example is as follows:

$ cp -r <备份目录>/* <数据目录>/
$ chown -R mysql:mysql <数据目录>
$ systemctl start mysqld

3. Regular backup policy

In order to ensure the security of the database, it is recommended to set a regular backup policy to avoid the risk of data loss.

3.1 Scheduled backup
You can use cron or the scheduled task tool that comes with the system to execute the backup command regularly. For example, execute the backup command every morning:

$ crontab -e
0 0 * * * mysqldump -u<用户名> -p<密码> -h<主机名> <数据库名> > backup_$(date +%Y%m%d).sql

3.2 Incremental backup
Increase Volume backup can avoid performing a full backup every time and only back up changed data. Incremental backup can be achieved using MySQL's binlog. The example is as follows:

$ mysqlbinlog --start-position=<起始位置> --stop-position=<结束位置> <binlog文件> | mysql -u<用户名> -p<密码> -h<主机名>

The above are common MySQL backup and recovery strategies and their corresponding code examples. According to actual needs and situations, you can choose the appropriate backup and recovery strategy. To ensure the security and integrity of the database.

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