In-depth understanding of Nginx's security protection strategies for limiting request rates and preventing malicious requests

In-depth understanding of Nginx's security protection strategy for limiting request rates and preventing malicious requests

Nginx is a high-performance open source web server that can not only be used to deploy static websites, reverse proxies and loads Balanced, we can also protect our servers from malicious requests through a series of security protection strategies. This article will focus on Nginx's security protection strategies for limiting request rates and preventing malicious requests, and provide relevant code examples.

1. Limit the request rate

Malicious requests are often initiated in a large number of high-frequency ways, putting huge pressure on the server. In order to avoid server overload, we can use Nginx module to limit the rate of requests.

In the Nginx configuration file, you can create a shared memory area with request rate limit through the limit_req_zone directive, for example:

http {
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=limit:10m rate=1r/s;
}

The above configuration creates a 10MB size Memory area that limits the number of requests initiated from the same client IP address to no more than 1 per second. Next, we can use the limit_req directive in the specific request processing block to apply this limit, for example:

server {
    location /api/ {
        limit_req zone=limit burst=5;
        proxy_pass http://backend;
    }
}

The above configuration is represented under the /api/ path Limit the request rate and set a burst limit value of 5. In this way, if a large number of requests exceed the limit rate, Nginx will return a 503 error to the client and abandon these requests.

2. Prevent malicious requests

In addition to limiting the request rate, we can also prevent malicious requests through other strategies, such as:

• IP white List/blacklist: You can set IP access control through the allow and deny instructions to only allow access to IPs in the whitelist, or block IPs in the blacklist. For example:

location /admin/ {
    allow 192.168.1.0/24;
    deny all;
}

The above configuration means that only IPs in the 192.168.1.0/24 network segment are allowed to access the /admin/ path.

• URI blacklist: You can intercept malicious request URIs through if directives and regular expressions. For example:

location / {
    if ($uri ~* "/wp-admin" ) {
        return 403;
    }
}

The above configuration means that if the requested URI contains /wp-admin, a 403 error will be returned.

• Referer check: You can determine whether the source of the request is legal by checking the Referer field in the request header. For example:

server {
    location / {
        if ($http_referer !~* "^https?://example.com") {
            return 403;
        }
    }
}

The above configuration means that if the Referer field does not start with http://example.com or https://example.com, then Returns 403 error.

To sum up, Nginx provides a wealth of security protection strategies for limiting request rates and preventing malicious requests. By properly configuring Nginx, we can protect the server from malicious requests and improve the stability and security of the server.

The above is an introduction to the in-depth understanding of Nginx's security protection strategies for limiting request rates and preventing malicious requests. I hope it will be helpful to readers.

(Note: The above are just code examples and may not be completely applicable to the production environment. Please configure according to the actual situation and the official documentation of Nginx.)

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