Network optimization and tuning skills when building a web server on CentOS

Network optimization and tuning skills when building a Web server on CentOS

With the development of the Internet, the construction of a Web server has become more and more important. CentOS is a commonly used operating system and is widely used to build web servers. In order to improve the performance and stability of the server, network optimization and tuning skills have become an indispensable part. This article will introduce some network optimization and tuning techniques when building a web server on CentOS, and attach code examples.

1. TCP/IP stack optimization

TCP/IP protocol is the core of network communication. Optimizing the TCP/IP stack can improve the network performance of the server. In CentOS, the TCP/IP stack can be optimized by modifying system parameters. The following are some commonly used TCP/IP stack optimization parameters:

1.1. Increase the maximum number of TCP connections

By modifying /sys/.../net/ipv4/tcp_max_syn_backlog and /sys/ .../net/core/somaxconn parameter can increase the maximum number of TCP connections.

Sample code:

# 修改/sys/.../net/ipv4/tcp_max_syn_backlog参数
echo "1000000" > /sys/.../net/ipv4/tcp_max_syn_backlog

# 修改/sys/.../net/core/somaxconn参数
echo "1000000" > /sys/.../net/core/somaxconn

1.2. Increase the timeout of the TCP connection

You can improve the TCP connection by modifying the /sys/.../net/ipv4/tcp_fin_timeout parameter timeout period.

Sample code:

# 修改/sys/.../net/ipv4/tcp_fin_timeout参数
echo "30" > /sys/.../net/ipv4/tcp_fin_timeout

1.3. Turn on TCP Fast Open

TCP Fast Open is an optimization technology that reduces Network latency. In CentOS, you can enable TCP fast open by modifying the /sys/.../net/ipv4/tcp_fastopen parameter.

Sample code:

# 开启TCP快速打开
echo "3" > /sys/.../net/ipv4/tcp_fastopen

2. Keepalive and Timeout settings

Keepalive is a mechanism to keep the TCP connection active, and Timeout refers to a certain period of time Close the connection after no response. In CentOS, Keepalive and Timeout can be set by modifying the /etc/.../sysctl.conf file.

Sample code:

# 设置Keepalive
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200" >> /etc/.../sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 10" >> /etc/.../sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 6" >> /etc/.../sysctl.conf

# 设置Timeout
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2" >> /etc/.../sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2" >> /etc/.../sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.tcp_retries2 = 5" >> /etc/.../sysctl.conf

3. Turn on SYN Cookie (optional)

SYN Cookie is a technology to resist SYN Flood attacks. In CentOS, SYN Cookie can be turned on by modifying the /sys/.../net/ipv4/tcp_syncookies parameter.

Sample code:

# 开启SYN Cookie
echo "1" > /sys/.../net/ipv4/tcp_syncookies

4. Adjust file descriptor limits

Web servers handle a large number of HTTP requests and need to open a large number of file descriptors. In CentOS, file descriptor limits can be adjusted by modifying the /etc/security/.../limits.conf file.

Sample code:

# 调整文件描述符限制
echo "www-data soft nofile 65536" >> /etc/security/.../limits.conf
echo "www-data hard nofile 65536" >> /etc/security/.../limits.conf

5. Enable TCP congestion control algorithm (CUBIC)

CUBIC is a TCP congestion control algorithm that can improve the server's network performance. In CentOS, CUBIC can be turned on by modifying the /sys/.../net/ipv4/tcp_congestion_control parameter.

Sample code:

# 开启CUBIC
echo "cubic" > /sys/.../net/ipv4/tcp_congestion_control

Summary:

By optimizing the TCP/IP stack, setting Keepalive and Timeout, turning on SYN Cookie, adjusting file descriptor limits and turning on TCP congestion control Algorithm can improve the network performance and stability of the web server built on CentOS. The above code examples can give readers a better understanding of how to implement these techniques to effectively optimize the network performance of the server. I hope this article will help you optimize and adjust your network when building a CentOS web server.

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