Table of Contents
3. 单独设置图例" >3. 单独设置图例
这样看就比较直观了,但是我就想把三个图例放一起不可以吗?" >这样看就比较直观了,但是我就想把三个图例放一起不可以吗?
当然可以!" >当然可以!
3. 设置组合图例" >3. 设置组合图例
1. 修改岗位数量为柱状图" >1. 修改岗位数量为柱状图
matplotlib.axes.Axes.plot: " >matplotlib.axes.Axes.plot:
matplotlib.axes.Axes.bar:" >matplotlib.axes.Axes.bar:
2. 设置Line2D和patches的组合图例" >2. 设置Line2D和patches的组合图例
Home Backend Development Python Tutorial Python-matplotlib | Draw dual y-axis graphics (legend settings)

Python-matplotlib | Draw dual y-axis graphics (legend settings)

Aug 09, 2023 pm 04:06 PM
python


Today I will introduce to you how to use Python’s matplotlib library to draw a double y-axis graph And the legend setting problem , I hope it will be helpful to everyone. If you have any questions or suggestions, you can send a private message to the editor.
Rendering preview:

Python-matplotlib | Draw dual y-axis graphics (legend settings)

Sample data:
##
df = pd.read_csv('jobdata.csv')
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Python-matplotlib | Draw dual y-axis graphics (legend settings)

# 1. Double y-axis line chart

##1 . Position number line chart

##
colors = ["#51C1C8", "#536D84","#E96279"]
plt.figure(figsize=(16, 8))
ax1 = plt.subplot(111)
ax1.set_ylim(0,1200)
lin0 = ax1.plot(x_data, y_data1, marker='o', color=colors[0], label='岗位数量') 
for x, y in enumerate(y_data1):
    plt.text(x - 0.2, y+5, y)
ax1.set_ylabel('岗位数量',fontsize=12)
plt.legend()
plt.title("各城市Java岗位数量")
plt.show()
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##2. Add a y-axis through ax1.twinx():

Python-matplotlib | Draw dual y-axis graphics (legend settings)

# 增加y轴
ax2 = ax1.twinx()

ax2.set_ylim(0,60)
lin1 = ax2.plot(x_data, y_data2, linestyle='--', marker='o', c=colors[1], label='平均最低薪资') 
for x, y in enumerate(y_data2):
    plt.text(x - 0.1, y+1, y)
lin2 = ax2.plot(x_data, y_data3, linestyle='--', marker='o', c=colors[2], label='平均最高薪资')
for x, y in enumerate(y_data3):
    plt.text(x - 0.1, y+1, y)
ax2.set_ylabel('平均薪资(万/年)',fontsize=12)
plt.legend()
plt.title("各城市Java岗位数量和薪资水平状况")
plt.show()
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重点:细心的小伙伴可能发现了图没有问题,但是右上角的图例只显示了平均最低薪资和平均最薪资,但是岗位数量的图例并没有显示。

3. 单独设置图例

ax1.legend(loc='best')
ax2.legend(loc='best')
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Python-matplotlib | Draw dual y-axis graphics (legend settings)

看着感觉没什么变化,实际上仔细看会发现平均最低薪资、平均最高薪资、岗位数量三个图例都显示出来了,只不过岗位数量图例被盖住了,我们可以移动一下位置看看:
ax1.legend(loc=2)
ax2.legend(loc=1)
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Python-matplotlib | Draw dual y-axis graphics (legend settings)

这样看就比较直观了,但是我就想把三个图例放一起不可以吗?

当然可以!

3. 设置组合图例

lines = lin0+lin1+lin2
labs = [label.get_label() for label in lines]
plt.legend(lines,labs)
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Python-matplotlib | Draw dual y-axis graphics (legend settings)


大功告成!

但是!如果是柱状图+折线图的情况,效果还一样吗?

但是!如果是柱状图+折线图的情况,效果还一样吗?

但是!如果是柱状图+折线图的情况,效果还一样吗?


2、双y轴柱状图+折线图

1. 修改岗位数量为柱状图

plt.figure(figsize=(16, 8))
a1 = plt.subplot(111)
a1.set_ylim(0,1200)
bar = a1.bar(x_data, y_data1, color=colors[0], label='岗位数量') 
for x, y in enumerate(y_data1):
    plt.text(x - 0.2, y+5, y)
a1.set_ylabel('岗位数量',fontsize=12)

...

lines = bar+lin1+lin2
labs = [label.get_label() for label in lines]
plt.legend(lines,labs)
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直接报错了!Python-matplotlib | Draw dual y-axis graphics (legend settings)Python-matplotlib | Draw dual y-axis graphics (legend settings)Python-matplotlib | Draw dual y-axis graphics (legend settings)

Python-matplotlib | Draw dual y-axis graphics (legend settings)

The prompt type is inconsistent. It is obviously a problem with the type of bar and line. Let’s check the source code:

matplotlib.axes.Axes.plot:

Python-matplotlib | Draw dual y-axis graphics (legend settings)

matplotlib.axes.Axes.bar:

Python-matplotlib | Draw dual y-axis graphics (legend settings)

ax.plot returns a Line2D type list, ax.bar returns a patches Type tuple.
#After finding the root cause, we can just make a combination of line2D and patches.

2. 设置Line2D和patches的组合图例

legend_handles = [ 
    Line2D([], [], linewidth=1, ls='--', lw=2, c=colors[2], label='平均最高薪资'),
    Line2D([], [], linewidth=1, lw=2, c=colors[1], label='平均最低薪资'),
    patches.Rectangle((0, 0), 1, 1, facecolor=colors[0],label='岗位数量')
]
plt.legend(handles=legend_handles, loc='best', fontsize=14)
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效果:
Python-matplotlib | Draw dual y-axis graphics (legend settings)
其他参数大家可以自行尝试修改,对比前后效果,加深理解。

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