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PHP缓存技术的使用说明_PHP

Jun 01, 2016 pm 12:15 PM
php caching technology

在大部份情况下我们的网站都会使用数据库作为站点数据存储的容器。当你执行一个SQL查询时,典型的处理过程是:连接数据库->准备 SQL查询->发送查询到数据库->取得数据库返回结果->关闭数据库连接。但数据库中有些数据是完全静态的或不太经常变动的,缓存系统会通过把SQL查询的结果缓存到一个更快的存储系统中存储,从而避免频繁操作数据库而很大程度上提高了程序执行时间,而且缓存查询结果也允许你后期处理。

普遍使用的PHP缓存技术

  PHP缓存技术之数据缓存:

  这里所说的数据缓存是指数据库查询缓存,每次访问页面的时候,都会先检测相应的缓存数据是否存在,如果不存在,就连接数据库,得到数据,并把查询结果序列化后保存到文件中,以后同样的查询结果就直接从缓存文件中获得。

  PHP缓存技术之页面缓存:

  每次访问页面的时候,都会先检测相应的缓存页面文件是否存在,如果不存在,就连接数据库,得到数据,显示页面并同时生成缓存页面文件,这样下次访问的时候页面文件就发挥作用了。(模板引擎和网上常见的一些缓存类通常有此功能)

  PHP缓存技术之内存缓存:

  在里就不介绍了,不是本文所要讨论的,只简单提一下:

  Memcached是高性能的,分布式的内存对象缓存系统,用于在动态应用中减少数据库负载,提升访问速度。

  dbcached 是一款基于 Memcached 和 NMDB 的分布式 key-value 数据库内存缓存系统。

  以上的缓存技术虽然能很好的解决频繁查询数据库的问题,但其缺点在在于数据无时效性,下面我给出我在项目中常用的方法:

  PHP缓存技术之时间触发缓存:

  检查文件是否存在并且时间戳小于设置的过期时间,如果文件修改的时间戳比当前时间戳减去过期时间戳大,那么就用缓存,否则更新缓存。

  设定时间内不去判断数据是否要更新,过了设定时间再更新缓存。以上只适合对时效性要求不高的情况下使用,否则请看下面。

  PHP缓存技术之内容触发缓存:

  当插入数据或更新数据时,强制更新缓存。

  在这里我们可以看到,当有大量数据频繁需要更新时,最后都要涉及磁盘读写操作。怎么解决呢?我在日常项目中,通常并不缓存所有内容,而是缓存一部分不经常变的内容来解决。但在大负荷的情况下,最好要用共享内存做缓存系统。

  到这里PHP缓存也许有点解决方案了,但其缺点是,因为每次请求仍然要经过PHP解析,在大负荷的情况下效率问题还是比效严重,在这种情况下,也许会用到静态缓存。

  PHP缓存技术之静态缓存

  这里所说的静态缓存是指HTML缓存,HTML缓存一般是无需判断数据是否要更新的,因为通常在使用HTML的场合一般是不经常变动内容的页面。数据更新的时候把HTML也强制更新一下就可以了。

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