Microservice database connection pool implemented in Go language

Microservice database connection pool implemented in Go language

Introduction:
With the popularity of microservice architecture, more and more small applications need to be connected with interact with the database. The traditional database connection method is not suitable in this case, because each request will create a new connection, resulting in a waste of resources. In order to solve this problem, we can use connection pool technology to manage database connections, obtain connections from the pool when needed, and return them to the pool after use. This article will introduce how to use Go language to implement a simple microservice database connection pool.

Connection pool implementation:
We use the sync package of Go language to implement a thread-safe connection pool. First, we define a structure Pool, which contains a pool of database connections and some parameters for maintaining the pool. The specific code is as follows:

package main

import (
    "database/sql"
    "errors"
    "sync"
)

// 连接池结构体
type Pool struct {
    pool        chan *sql.DB // 数据库连接池
    maxOpenConn int           // 最大的连接数
    mu          sync.Mutex    // 互斥锁
}

// Init初始化连接池
func (p *Pool) Init(driverName, dataSourceName string, maxOpenConn int) error {
    p.mu.Lock()
    defer p.mu.Unlock()

    pool, err := sql.Open(driverName, dataSourceName)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }

    pool.SetMaxOpenConns(maxOpenConn)
    p.pool = make(chan *sql.DB, maxOpenConn)
    p.maxOpenConn = maxOpenConn

    for i := 0; i < maxOpenConn; i++ {
        conn, err := sql.Open(driverName, dataSourceName)
        if err != nil {
            return err
        }
        p.pool <- conn
    }

    return nil
}

// 获取连接
func (p *Pool) GetConn() (*sql.DB, error) {
    if p.pool == nil {
        return nil, errors.New("连接池未初始化")
    }

    conn := <-p.pool

    return conn, nil
}

// 归还连接
func (p *Pool) ReturnConn(conn *sql.DB) error {
    if p.pool == nil {
        return errors.New("连接池未初始化")
    }

    p.pool <- conn

    return nil
}

// 关闭连接池
func (p *Pool) Close() error {
    p.mu.Lock()
    defer p.mu.Unlock()

    close(p.pool)

    return nil
}

func main() {
    pool := &Pool{}
    err := pool.Init("mysql", "root:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/test", 10)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    conn, err := pool.GetConn()
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    // 进行数据库操作

    err = pool.ReturnConn(conn)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    err = pool.Close()
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
}

Code analysis:
In the above code, we define a Pool structure, which contains a database connection pool (implemented using chan *sql.DB) and some maintenance pools Parameters (maxOpenConn represents the maximum number of connections, mu represents a mutex lock). The Init method is used to initialize the connection pool, the GetConn method is used to obtain the connection, the ReturnConn method is used to return the connection, and the Close method is used to close the connection pool.

In the main function, we first create a connection pool object and call the Init method to initialize the connection pool. Then, we obtain a database connection from the connection pool by calling the GetConn method and perform database operations. Finally, we return the connection using the ReturnConn method and close the connection pool using the Close method.

Summary:
Through the above code examples, we have learned how to use Go language to implement a simple microservice database connection pool. The connection pool can avoid creating a new connection for each request, improving resource utilization; and using the connection pool can make the code more concise and efficient.

Of course, the above example is just a basic implementation. In actual applications, the connection pool can also be optimized and expanded according to needs, such as adding connection timeout, automatic expansion of the connection pool size, etc.

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