How to use unbuffered Channels for sequential synchronization in Golang

How to use unbuffered Channels for sequential synchronization in Golang

Introduction:
In Golang, Channel is a powerful communication mechanism that can be used for synchronization Operations between coroutines. An unbuffered Channel refers to a buffer that does not store elements, that is, the sending and receiving operations must be ready at the same time, otherwise it will cause blocking. This article will introduce an example of how to use an unbuffered Channel to achieve sequential synchronization, and attach corresponding code examples.

The concept of sequential synchronization:
Sequential synchronization refers to operations between coroutines in a specific order. Each coroutine must start execution after the previous coroutine completes the operation. This synchronization method can ensure data consistency and avoid race conditions.

The principle of sequential synchronization of unbuffered Channel:
Unbuffered Channel is synchronous, and the sending and receiving operations must be ready at the same time, otherwise it will block. Taking advantage of this feature, we can use unbuffered Channel to implement sequential synchronization operations.

Code example:
The following code example shows how to use an unbuffered Channel to implement sequential synchronization operations.

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

func main() {
    ch1 := make(chan struct{})
    ch2 := make(chan struct{})
    ch3 := make(chan struct{})
    done := make(chan struct{})

    // 创建一个 WaitGroup，用于等待所有协程完成
    wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
    wg.Add(3)

    // 第一个协程
    go func() {
        defer wg.Done()
        // 第一个协程的操作
        fmt.Println("协程1执行")
        // 向 ch1 发送信号，通知下一个协程可以执行
        ch1 <- struct{}{}
        // 等待 ch3 的信号，保证顺序同步
        <-ch3
        // 第一个协程的操作
        fmt.Println("协程1继续执行")
        // 向 done 发送信号，表示协程完成
        done <- struct{}{}
    }()

    // 第二个协程
    go func() {
        defer wg.Done()
        // 等待 ch1 的信号，保证顺序同步
        <-ch1
        // 第二个协程的操作
        fmt.Println("协程2执行")
        // 向 ch2 发送信号，通知下一个协程可以执行
        ch2 <- struct{}{}
        // 向 ch3 发送信号，通知上一个协程可以继续执行
        ch3 <- struct{}{}
        // 等待 done 的信号，保证协程完成
        <-done
        // 第二个协程的操作
        fmt.Println("协程2继续执行")
    }()

    // 第三个协程
    go func() {
        defer wg.Done()
        // 等待 ch2 的信号，保证顺序同步
        <-ch2
        // 第三个协程的操作
        fmt.Println("协程3执行")
        // 向 ch3 发送信号，通知上一个协程可以继续执行
        ch3 <- struct{}{}
        // 等待 done 的信号，保证协程完成
        <-done
        // 第三个协程的操作
        fmt.Println("协程3继续执行")
    }()

    // 等待所有协程完成
    wg.Wait()
}

Explanation:
In the above code, we created three unbuffered Channels (ch1, ch2, ch3) and a done signal Channel. The sequence of coroutines is synchronized by using signal Channel.

We created three coroutines, each coroutine represents an operation step. The first coroutine executes first and notifies the next coroutine that it can execute by sending a signal to ch1. Then wait for the signal from ch3 to ensure sequence synchronization. Next, the first coroutine continues its operation and signals completion of the coroutine by sending a signal to the done signal Channel.

The second coroutine waits for the signal from ch1. Once it receives the signal, it starts executing the operation and notifies the next coroutine that it can be executed by sending a signal to ch2. Then send a signal to ch3 to notify the previous coroutine that it can continue execution. Finally, wait for the done signal to ensure that the coroutine is completed.

The third coroutine waits for the signal from ch2. Once it receives the signal, it starts executing the operation and notifies the previous coroutine that it can continue execution by sending a signal to ch3. Finally, wait for the done signal to ensure that the coroutine is completed.

In this way, we can achieve sequential synchronization of coroutines.

Conclusion:
Unbuffered Channel is a powerful synchronization mechanism in Golang, which can be used in scenarios such as sequential synchronization. By properly utilizing unbuffered Channels and signal Channels, we can ensure that coroutines operate in a specific order, thereby achieving synchronization and avoiding race conditions.

I hope that through the introduction and code examples of this article, you will have a deeper understanding of how to use unbuffered Channel for sequential synchronization in Golang.

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