A practical guide to writing specifications in PHP: a powerful tool for standardized development projects

Practical Guide to Writing Specifications in PHP: A Sharp Tool for Standardizing Development Projects

Introduction:
In a team collaboration development environment, writing specifications is very important. Not only does it improve code readability and maintainability, it also reduces the occurrence of errors and conflicts. This article will introduce some practical guidelines for writing specifications in PHP and demonstrate specific specifications through code examples.

1. Naming convention:

1. Use camel case naming for class names, method names, and attribute names, with the first letter lowercase.
2. Constant names are all in capital letters, and multiple words are separated by underscores.
3. Use variable names that are meaningful and express their purpose.

Sample code:

class myClass {
    private $myVariable;
    
    public function myMethod($myParameter) {
        // code...
    }
    
    const MY_CONSTANT = 1;
}

2. Indentation and spaces:

1. Use four spaces for indentation and no tabs.
2. Add spaces before and after operators, and add appropriate spaces to the code to improve readability.

Sample code:

function myFunction($var1, $var2) {
    $result = $var1 + $var2;
    
    if ($result > 0) {
        // code...
    }
    
    for ($i = 0; $i < $result; $i++) {
        // code...
    }
}

3. Comment specifications:

1. Use English to write comments.
2. Longer comments are limited to 80 characters per line.
3. Use comments to explain the function, principle, and variable meaning of the code.

Sample code:

/**
 * 计算两个数的和
 * 
 * @param int $var1 第一个数
 * @param int $var2 第二个数
 * @return int 两个数的和
 */
function sum($var1, $var2) {
    return $var1 + $var2;
}

4. Function and method specifications:

1. Functions and methods should be kept as simple as possible, and each function and method only needs to be completed one thing.
2. Avoid using global variables and try to use parameter passing and return values ​​to interact with data.

Sample code:

// 不推荐的写法
function calculateSum() {
    global $var1, $var2;
    return $var1 + $var2;
}

// 推荐的写法
function calculateSum($var1, $var2) {
    return $var1 + $var2;
}

5. Error handling specifications:

1. Appropriately handle possible errors in the code and provide error messages .
2. Use try-catch blocks to catch and handle exceptions.

Sample code:

try {
    // code...
} catch (Exception $e) {
    echo '错误消息：' . $e->getMessage();
}

6. Other specifications:

1. The code should be appropriately segmented and commented to increase the readability of the code.
2. Functions and methods longer than 100 lines should be considered for splitting.

Conclusion:
Through the introduction of this article, we have learned some practical guidelines for PHP writing specifications, including naming specifications, indentation and spaces, comment specifications, function and method specifications, and error handling specifications. etc. Following these norms can improve team development efficiency and reduce the occurrence of errors and conflicts. Therefore, standardized development projects are a powerful tool that we should carefully abide by during the development process.

References:
[1] PHP Programming Specification, https://psr.ren/php
[2] PHP Programming Specification Guide, https://www.php-fig.org /psr/psr-12/

The above is the detailed content of A practical guide to writing specifications in PHP: a powerful tool for standardized development projects. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!