What system commands can php execute?

php executable system commands include using the system function, using the exec function, using the passthru function, using backticks, etc. Detailed introduction: 1. Use the system function to execute any system command and return the last line of output as a return value; 2. Use the exec function to execute system commands and return all output as a single string; 3. Use passthru Function can execute system commands and output all output directly to the browser; 4. Use backticks to execute system commands.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 10 system, PHP8.1.3 version, Dell G3 computer.

PHP provides a variety of ways to execute system commands. Here are some common methods:

Using the `system` function

The `system` function can execute any system command and return the last line of output as the return value. For example:

```

$result = system('ls -l');

echo $result;

```

Using the `exec` function

The `exec` function executes a system command and returns all output as a single string.

```

$result = exec('ls -l');

echo $result;

```

Use the `passthru` function

The `passthru` function executes system commands and outputs all output directly to the browser.

```

passthru('ls -l');

```

Use backticks

In PHP, backticks can be used to execute system commands.

```

$result = `ls -l`;

echo $result;

```

Required Note that executing system commands may have security risks and performance issues. To avoid risks, you should always perform verification and filtering when executing system commands.

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