4 ways to read configuration in Spring Boot, recommended to collect!
In Spring Boot projects, reading the contents of configuration files is basically involved. This article will talk about several common ways to read configuration files.
Value annotation
In application.properties
Configuration file configuration item:
name=tian
Read in java code:
/** * @author tianwc 公众号:java后端技术全栈、面试专栏 * @version 1.0.0 * @date 2023年07月02日 21:00 * 博客地址:<a href="http://woaijava.cc/">博客地址</a> */ @RestController @RequestMapping("/configuration") public class ConfigurationController { @Value("${name}") private String name; @GetMapping("/index") public String test() { return name; } }
Verify:
GET
http://localhost:8089/configuration/index
Return parameters:
tian
This type usually does not have a prefix, and single configuration items will be read in this way.
If there is the same prefix configuration, then we can use the following method.
ConfigurationProperties annotation
In application.properties
Configuration file configuration items:
user.userName=tian1 user.age=21
In javadiam Read in:
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * @author tianwc 公众号:java后端技术全栈、面试专栏 * @version 1.0.0 * @date 2023年07月02日 21:07 * 博客地址:<a href="http://woaijava.cc/">博客地址</a> */ @Component @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "user") public class PreConfiguration { private String userName; private Integer age; //set get 省略 }
Verification:
GET
http://localhost:8089/preconfiguration/index
us Usually, a type of configuration items is set as a prefix, processed uniformly, and object-oriented.
But, how to deal with multiple reads (array type)?
We can use the following method.
也是ConfigurationProperties注解
在application.properties
配置文件配置项:
vip.userList[0].name=tian01 vip.userList[0].age=20 vip.userList[1].name=tian02 vip.userList[1].age=21
定义一个User类:
public class User { private String name; private Integer age; //set get toString 省略 }
配置读取类:
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.List; /** * @author tianwc 公众号:java后端技术全栈、面试专栏 * @version 1.0.0 * @date 2023年07月02日 21:24 * 博客地址:<a href="http://woaijava.cc/">博客地址</a> */ @Component @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "vip") public class UserListConfiguration { private List<User> userList; // set get 省略 }
如果我们自定义一个custom.properties
配置文件,那又该如何读取呢?
PropertySource注解
在application.properties
配置文件配置项:
realName=tian3
代码实现
@RestController @RequestMapping("/propertySource") @PropertySource("classpath:custom.properties") public class PropertySourceController { @Value("${realName}") private String realName; @GetMapping("/index") public String test() { return realName; } }
验证:
GET
http://localhost:8089/propertySource/index
返回参数:tian3
那么,问题又来了,我们可能会因为一个配置项需要改,或者是上线后发现配置项不对,这时候就需要重启服务了,为了避免这样重启服务,我们可以引入分布式配置中心。
分布式配置中心有很多实现方案,比如Nacos、Zookeeper、Qconf、disconf、Apache Commons Configuration、Spring Cloud Config等。
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