Group words with similar starting and ending characters using Python

In Python, we can group words with similar stat and end characters using methods like dictionaries and loops, utilizing regular expressions, and implementing list comprehensions.The task involves analyzing a collection of words and identifying groups of words that share common starting and ending characters. This can be a useful technique in various natural language processing applications, such as text classification, information retrieval, and spell−checking. In this article, we will explore these methods to group similar start and end character words in Python.

Method 1:Using Dictionaries and loops

This method utilizes a dictionary to group words based on their similar start and end characters. By iterating through the list of words and extracting the start and end characters of each word, we can create a key for the dictionary. The words are then appended to the corresponding list in the dictionary, forming groups based on their start and end characters.

语法

list_name.append(element)

Here, the append() function is a list method used to add an element to the end of the list_name. List_name is the list in which the append method is being applied.

Example

在下面的示例中，我们定义了一个名为group_words的函数，它以一个单词列表作为输入。我们初始化一个空字典groups来存储单词组。对于输入列表中的每个单词，我们提取其起始字符（word[0]）和结束字符（word[−1]）。然后我们使用这些字符创建一个元组键。

如果字典中已经存在该键，则将当前单词添加到相应的列表中。否则，我们创建一个以当前单词为第一个元素的新列表。最后，我们返回分组的结果字典。

def group_words(words):
    groups = {}
    for word in words:
        start_char = word[0]
        end_char = word[-1]
        key = (start_char, end_char)
        if key in groups:
            groups[key].append(word)
        else:
            groups[key] = [word]
    return groups

words = ['apple', 'banana', 'ant', 'cat', 'dog', 'elephant','amazon grape']
result = group_words(words)
print(result)

输出

{('a', 'e'): ['apple', 'amazon grape'], ('b', 'a'): ['banana'], ('a', 't'): ['ant'], ('c', 't'): ['cat'], ('d', 'g'): ['dog'], ('e', 't'): ['elephant']}

方法二：使用正则表达式

在这种方法中，我们使用正则表达式来匹配每个单词中的模式。通过定义一个特定的模式来捕获单词的起始和结束字符，我们可以提取这些字符并创建一个用于分组的键。

语法

import re
result = re.split(pattern, string)

Here, the re.split function from the re module takes two parameters: pattern and string. The pattern is a regular expression that defines the splitting criteria, while the string is the input string to be split. The function returns a list of substrings resulting from the split operation based on the specified pattern.

Example

在下面的方法中，我们使用re模块和正则表达式来匹配每个单词的起始和结束字符。我们定义了一个名为group_words的函数，它接受一个单词列表作为输入。在循环中，我们使用re.match来将模式^(.)(.*)(.)$与每个单词进行匹配。如果找到匹配项，我们分别使用match.group(1)和match.group(3)提取起始和结束字符。然后，我们按照与方法1相似的过程，根据它们的起始和结束字符将单词分组。

import re

def group_words(words):
    groups = {}
    for word in words:
        match = re.match(r'^(.)(.*)(.)$', word)
        if match:
            start_char = match.group(1)
            end_char = match.group(3)
            key = (start_char, end_char)
            if key in groups:
                groups[key].append(word)
            else:
                groups[key] = [word]
    return groups

words = ['apple', 'banana', 'ant', 'cat', 'dog', 'elephant','amazon grape']
result = group_words(words)
print(result)

输出

{('a', 'e'): ['apple', 'amazon grape'], ('b', 'a'): ['banana'], ('a', 't'): ['ant'], ('c', 't'): ['cat'], ('d', 'g'): ['dog'], ('e', 't'): ['elephant']}

Method 3:Using List Comprehensions

List comprehensions offer a concise and efficient way to group words based on their start and end characters. By utilizing dictionary comprehension and subsequent list comprehension, we can create a dictionary of groups and populate it with the corresponding words.

Example

In the below example, we define a function group_words that takes a list of words as input. Using a single list comprehension, we create initial dictionary groups with all keys set to empty lists. In the next list comprehension, we iterate over each word in the input list. For each word, we access the corresponding list in the dictionary using (word[0], word[−1]) as the key and append the word to it.

语法

[expression for item in list if condition]

在这里，语法由方括号包围的表达式和一个用于迭代列表的for循环组成。此外，可以添加一个可选的if条件来过滤元素。对于满足条件的列表中的每个项目，都会对表达式进行求值，并将结果收集到一个新列表中。

def group_words(words):
    groups = {(word[0], word[-1]): [] for word in words}
    [groups[(word[0], word[-1])].append(word) for word in words]
    return groups

words = ['apple', 'banana', 'ant', 'cat', 'dog', 'elephant','amazon grape']
result = group_words(words)
print(result)

输出

{('a', 'e'): ['apple', 'amazon grape'], ('b', 'a'): ['banana'], ('a', 't'): ['ant'], ('c', 't'): ['cat'], ('d', 'g'): ['dog'], ('e', 't'): ['elephant']}

Conclusion

在本文中，我们讨论了如何使用Python中的各种方法将具有相似起始和结束字符的单词进行分组。我们使用了三种不同的方法来对单词进行分组：使用字典和循环、使用正则表达式和使用列表推导式。通过使用这些技术，您可以高效地对单词进行分组，并从文本数据中获得有价值的见解，为各种自然语言处理应用打开了可能性。

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