Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial PHP企业级应用缓存技术详解_PHP

PHP企业级应用缓存技术详解_PHP

Jun 01, 2016 pm 12:17 PM
application technology Detailed explanation

之前我们曾深入的探讨过PHP缓存技术,其中主要提到了数据缓存。数据缓存主要是指数据库查询缓存,每次访问页面的时候,都会先检测相应的缓存数据是否存在,如果不存在,就连接数据库,得到数据, 并把查询结果序列化后保存到文件中,以后同样的查询结果就直接从缓存表或文件中获得。

用的最广的例子看Discuz的搜索功能,把结果ID缓存到一个表中,下次搜索相同关键字时先搜索缓存表。

举个常用的方法,多表关联的时候,把附表中的内容生成数组保存到主表的一个字段中,需要的时候数组分解一下,这样的好处是只读一个表,坏处就是两个 数据同步会多不少步骤,数据库永远是瓶颈,用硬盘换速度,是这个的关键点。

页面缓存

每次访问页面的时候,都会先检测相应的缓存页面文件是否存在,如果不存在,就连接数据库,得到数据,显示页面并同时生成缓存页面文件,这样下次访问 的时候页面文件就发挥作用了。(模板引擎和网上常见的一些缓存类通常有此功能)

时间触发缓存

检查文件是否存在并且时间戳小于设置的过期时间,如果文件修改的时间戳比当前时间戳减去过期时间戳大,那么就用缓存,否则更新缓存。

内容触发缓存

当插入数据或更新数据时,强制更新缓存。

静态缓存

这里所说的静态缓存是指静态化,直接生成HTML或xml等文本文件,有更新的时候重生成一次,适合于不太变化的页面,这就不说了。

内存缓存

Memcached是高性能的,分布式的内存对象缓存系统,用于在动态应用中减少数据库负载,提升访问速度。

<ol class="dp-xml">
<li class="alt"><span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">php</span></font></strong><span> </span></span></li>
<li>
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">memcache</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">new</font></span><span> Memcache;  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$memcache-</span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span>connect(‘localhost’, 11211) or die (“Could not connect”);  </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">version</font></span><span> = $memcache-</span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span>getVersion();  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>echo “Server’s version: “.$version.”\n”;  </span></li>
<li>
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">tmp_object</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">new</font></span><span> stdClass;  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$tmp_object-</span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">str_attr</font></span><span> = ‘test’;  </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>$tmp_object-</span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">int_attr</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">123</font></span><span>;  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$memcache-</span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span>set(‘key’, $tmp_object, false, 10) or die (“Failed to save data at the server”);  </span>
</li>
<li><span>echo “Store data in the cache (data will expire in 10 seconds)\n”;  </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">get_result</font></span><span> = $memcache-</span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span>get(‘key’);  </span>
</li>
<li><span>echo “Data from the cache:\n”;  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>var_dump($get_result);  </span></li>
<li>
<span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">?></font></strong></span><span> </span>
</li>
</ol>
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读库的例子:

<ol class="dp-xml">
<li class="alt"><span><strong><font color="#006699"><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">php</span></font></strong><span> </span></span></li>
<li>
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">sql</font></span><span> = ‘SELECT * FROM users’;  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">key</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">md5</font></span><span>($sql);   //memcached 对象标识符  </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>if ( !($</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">datas</font></span><span> = $mc-</span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span>get($key)) ) {  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span> </span></li>
<li><span>//  在 memcached 中未获取到缓存数据,则使用数据库查询获取记录集  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span> </span></li>
<li><span>echo “n”.str_pad(‘Read datas from MySQL.’, 60, ‘_’).”n”;  </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">conn</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">mysql_connect</font></span><span>(‘localhost’, ‘test’, ‘test’);  </span>
</li>
<li><span>mysql_select_db(‘test’);  </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">result</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">mysql_query</font></span><span>($sql);  </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>while ($</span><span class="attribute"><font color="#ff0000">row</font></span><span> = </span><span class="attribute-value"><font color="#0000ff">mysql_fetch_object</font></span><span>($result))  </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>$datas[] = $row;  </span></li>
<li><span> </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>//  将数据库中获取到的结果集数据保存到 memcached 中,以供下次访问时使用  </span></li>
<li><span> </span></li>
<li class="alt">
<span>$mc-</span><span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">></font></strong></span><span>add($key, $datas);  </span>
</li>
<li><span>} else {  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>echo “n”.str_pad(‘Read datas from memcached.’, 60, ‘_’).”n”;  </span></li>
<li><span>}  </span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>var_dump($datas);  </span></li>
<li>
<span class="tag"><strong><font color="#006699">?></font></strong></span><span> </span>
</li>
</ol>
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PHP的缓冲器

比如eaccelerator,apc,phpa,xcache等等。

MySQL缓存

这也算非代码级的,经典的数据库就是用的这种方式,看下面的运行时间,0.09xxx之类的。

  1. [client]  
  2. ……  
  3. default-character-set=gbk 
  4. default-storage-engine=MYISAM 
  5. max_connections=600 
  6. max_connect_errors=500 
  7. back_log=200 
  8. interactive_timeout=7200 
  9. query_cache_size=64M 
  10. ……  
  11. table_cache=512 
  12. ……  
  13. myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G 
  14. myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size=100G 
  15. myisam_sort_buffer_size=128M 
  16. key_buffer_size=1024M 
  17. read_buffer_size=512M 
  18. ……  
  19. thread_concurrency=8 
<span></span>
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