How to use the __add__() function in Python to define the addition operation of two objects

How to use the __add__() function in Python to define the addition operation of two objects

In Python, you can overload operators to customize objects Add corresponding calculation functions. The __add__() function is one of the special methods used to define the addition operation of two objects. In this article, we will learn how to use the __add__() function to implement the addition operation of objects.

In Python, you can create custom objects by defining a class. Suppose we have a class called "Vector" that represents a two-dimensional vector. We want to be able to add two vector objects. First, we need to define the __add__() function in the Vector class.

The following is an example of a simple Vector class:

class Vector:
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
    
    def __add__(self, other):
        # 定义两个向量相加的逻辑
        return Vector(self.x + other.x, self.y + other.y)

In the above code, we define a Vector class and receive two parameters, x and y, in the initialization method. Then, we overloaded the __add__() function, which implemented the logic of vector addition. We use two Vector objects to add the x and y components respectively, and then return the result as a new Vector object.

Next, we can create two Vector objects and add them:

v1 = Vector(1, 2)
v2 = Vector(3, 4)
result = v1 + v2
print(result.x, result.y)

The output result is: 4 6. As you can see, we successfully used the __add__() function to implement the addition operation of two Vector objects.

In addition to using the __add__() function, we can also use other special methods to define different computing functions. For example, use the __sub__() function to define the subtraction operation of two objects, and use the __mul__() function to define the multiplication operation of two objects. By defining these special methods, we can make custom objects have more computing functions.

In Python, the names of special methods begin and end with double underscores. This naming rule identifies their special uses. By overloading these special methods, we can add more computing functions to our custom objects, making our code more concise and easier to understand.

To summarize, you can use the __add__() function in Python to define the addition operation of two objects. By overloading this special method, you can implement the corresponding logic in the function. This mechanism allows us to add different computing functions to custom objects, making the code more flexible and easier to maintain.

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