What are the asynchronous methods in golang?

Golang asynchronous methods include Go coroutines and channels, sync.WaitGroup, context.Context and sync.Mutex, etc. Detailed introduction: 1. Go coroutine and channel, create a coroutine by using the go keyword, and execute functions that need to be executed asynchronously in the coroutine; 2. sync.WaitGroup, which can be used to wait for a group of coroutines to complete execution; 3 , context.Context, can be used to control the life cycle and cancellation of coroutines; 4. sync.Mutex, etc.

The operating environment of this article: Windows 10 system, Go1.20.4 version, Dell G3 computer.

Golang is an efficient and reliable programming language. It provides a special mechanism to handle asynchronous operations, namely Go coroutine (Goroutine) and channel (Channel). Go coroutine is a lightweight thread that can run multiple coroutines simultaneously in a single thread, and channels are the way to communicate and synchronize between coroutines.

In Golang, the implementation of asynchronous methods mainly relies on Go coroutines and channels. The following will introduce several common asynchronous method implementation methods:

Using Go coroutines and channels: Create coroutines by using the go keyword, and execute tasks that need to be executed asynchronously in the coroutines function. Pass data and perform synchronization operations through channels.

func asyncMethod() {
    ch := make(chan int)
    go func() {
        // 异步执行的代码
        // ...
        // 将结果发送到通道中
        ch <- result
    }()
    // 在需要的时候从通道中接收结果
    result := <- ch
    // 处理结果
    // ...
}

Use sync.WaitGroup to wait for multiple coroutines to complete execution: sync.WaitGroup is a synchronization tool in the Golang standard library, which can be used to wait for a group of coroutines to complete execution.

func asyncMethod() {
    var wg sync.WaitGroup
    wg.Add(1)
    go func() {
        defer wg.Done()
        // 异步执行的代码
        // ...
    }()
    // 在需要的时候等待协程执行完毕
    wg.Wait()
    // 处理结果
    // ...
}

Use context.Context to implement coroutine cancellation and timeout control: context.Context is a context object in the Golang standard library, which can be used to control the life cycle and cancellation of coroutines. .

func asyncMethod() {
    ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
    defer cancel()
    go func() {
        // 异步执行的代码
        // ...
    }()
    // 在需要的时候取消协程的执行
    cancel()
    // 处理结果
    // ...
}

Use sync.Mutex to implement mutually exclusive access of coroutines: sync.Mutex is a mutex lock in the Golang standard library, which can be used to protect access to shared resources.

var mu sync.Mutex
var result int
func asyncMethod() {
    go func() {
        // 异步执行的代码
        // ...
        // 使用互斥锁保护共享资源的访问
        mu.Lock()
        result = 100
        mu.Unlock()
    }()
    // 在需要的时候获取共享资源的值
    mu.Lock()
    res := result
    mu.Unlock()
    // 处理结果
    // ...
}

Summary

The ways to implement asynchronous methods in Golang mainly include using Go coroutines and channels, sync.WaitGroup, context.Context and sync.Mutex, etc. By rationally using these mechanisms, efficient and reliable asynchronous operations can be achieved.

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