How to select all column names in a table in Laravel?

Here are the different ways to get column names from a table in Laravel.

Suppose we create a table named Students in a MySQL database using the following query:

CREATE TABLE students(
   id            INTEGER       NOT NULL    PRIMARY KEY,
   name          VARCHAR(10)   NOT NULL,
   email         VARCHAR(15)   NOT NULL,
   created_at    VARCHAR(27)   NOT NULL,
   updated_at    VARCHAR(27)   NOT NULL,
   address       VARCHAR(3)    NOT NULL
);

You can use the DESC command to get its complete details -

mysql> desc students; 
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 
| Field      | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra | 
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 
| id         | int         | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       | 
| name       | varchar(15) | NO   |     | NULL    |       | 
| email      | varchar(20) | NO   |     | NULL    |       | 
| created_at | varchar(27) | YES  |     | NULL    |       | 
| updated_at | varchar(27) | YES  |     | NULL    |       | 
| address    | varchar(30) | NO   |     | NULL    |       | 
| age        | int         | YES  |     | NULL    |       | 
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 
7 rows in set (0.08 sec)

Use Schema class

Using the schema class, you can create and update tables in Laravel. To use schema classes, add the following classes to your controller.

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

Example

This is a working example using the schema class -

<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

class StudentController extends Controller {
   public function index() {
      $columns = Schema::getColumnListing('students');
      print_r($columns);
   }
}

Output

The output of the above code is as follows.

Array(
   [0] => id
   [1] => name
   [2] => email
   [3] => created_at
   [4] => updated_at
   [5] => address
)

Use Model class

The Model class in Laravel represents the table in the database. For example, if you have student table, the model name will be student, for user, the model name will be user, and for employee, the model name will be "employee". Table names must be plural and model names must be singular. This is the pattern to follow, but this does not prevent you from using a naming convention of your choice for table names and model names.

Create a student model as follows -

<?php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Student extends Model {
   use HasFactory;
   protected $fillable = ['name','email','address'];
}

Now use the model in your controller to get the column names -

<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Models\Student;

class StudentController extends Controller {
   public function index() {
      $student = Student::first();
      $table_columns = array_keys(json_decode($student, true));
      print_r($table_columns);
   }
}

Output

The output of the above code is.

Array(
   [0] => id
   [1] => name
   [2] => email
   [3] => created_at
   [4] => updated_at
   [5] => address
)

Example

You can also use the database appearance class shown inside the controller -

<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use DB;

class StudentController extends Controller {
   public function index() {
      $table = DB::table('students')->get();
      $cols = array_keys(json_decode(json_encode($table[0]), true));
      print_r($cols);
   }
}

Output

The output of the above code is -

Array ( 
   [0] => id 
   [1] => name 
   [2] => email 
   [3] => created_at 
   [4] => updated_at 
   [5] => address
)

Example

Another way to get columns using a database look and feel is -

<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use DB;

class StudentController extends Controller {
   public function index() {
      $columns_names = [];
      $tableDet = DB::select("SHOW COLUMNS FROM students");
      foreach($tableDet as $column) {
         $columns_names[$column->Field] = '';
      }
      print_r($columns_names);
   }
}

Output

The output of the above code is.

Array ( 
   [id] => 
   [name] => 
   [email] => 
   [created_at] => 
   [updated_at] => 
   [address] => 
)

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