Building high-quality PHP applications: the importance of following writing conventions

Building high-quality PHP applications: the importance of adhering to writing specifications

Introduction:
Writing high-quality PHP applications is the pursuit of every developer . However, many developers ignore the readability and maintainability of the code while focusing on functional implementation. Complying with writing standards is the basis for ensuring code quality. This article will focus on the importance of complying with writing standards and give some practical code examples.

1. Improve code readability
1.1 Code indentation and alignment
Good indentation and alignment can make the code structure clear and easy to read. The following is an example:

if($name != '') {
    echo 'Hello, '.$name;
} else {
    echo 'Please enter your name.';
}

1.2 Naming of variables, functions and classes
The naming of variables, functions and classes must be meaningful and accurately describe their functions. Using camel case naming, underscores are not recommended in most cases when developing in PHP.

$startDate = '2022-01-01';
function calculateArea($length, $width) {
    //...
}
class UserService {
    //...
}

1.3 Use of comments
Good comments can help other developers understand your code. Comments should be clear and concise, try to avoid useless comments, the following is an example:

// 检查用户名是否存在
function checkUsernameExist($username) {
    //...
}

2. Improve code maintainability
2.1 Single responsibility principle of functions and methods
Functions and methods should only be responsible for a specific function. Overly large functions and methods are not only difficult to understand, but also increase the complexity of maintenance. Here is an example:

// 获取用户信息并发送邮件
function getUserInfoAndSendEmail($userId) {
    //...
}
// 改进后的示例
function getUserInfo($userId) {
    //...
}
function sendEmail($userId, $emailContent) {
    //...
}

2.2 Avoid duplicate code
Duplicate code not only wastes time and energy, but also increases the risk of later maintenance. By abstracting out common blocks of code, you can improve code reusability and maintainability. The following is an example:

// 连接数据库
$connection = new mysqli($host, $username, $password, $dbname);
// 查询用户信息
$query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?";
$stmt = $connection->prepare($query);
$stmt->bind_param("i", $userId);
$stmt->execute();
$result = $stmt->get_result();
$row = $result->fetch_assoc();
// 关闭数据库连接
$connection->close();

Improved example:

function connectToDatabase() {
    return new mysqli($host, $username, $password, $dbname);
}
function getUserById($userId) {
    $connection = connectToDatabase();
    $query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?";
    $stmt = $connection->prepare($query);
    $stmt->bind_param("i", $userId);
    $stmt->execute();
    $result = $stmt->get_result();
    $row = $result->fetch_assoc();
    // 关闭数据库连接
    $connection->close();
    return $row;
}

2.3 Exception handling
Good exception handling can increase the robustness and maintainability of the code. In critical code blocks, handle error conditions by throwing exceptions to avoid errors being ignored or causing system crashes. Here is an example:

function getUserById($userId) {
    $connection = connectToDatabase();
    if (!$connection) {
        throw new Exception('Failed to connect to database');
    }
    // ...
}

Conclusion:
Adhering to writing conventions is crucial to building high-quality PHP applications. By improving code readability and maintainability, we can better understand and maintain the code, while also helping other developers better understand your code. In daily development, we should develop good programming habits, pay attention to code specifications, and constantly learn and improve our coding abilities.

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