PHP writing standards: clear, concise and efficient code

PHP writing specifications: clear, concise and efficient code

Overview:
Today, PHP has become one of the most popular web development languages ​​in the world . In large-scale projects, good writing practices can improve code readability, maintainability, and code quality. This article will introduce some best practices for PHP writing standards to help developers write clear, concise and efficient code.

1. Naming convention:

1. Use big camel case naming method for class names, for example: UserService.
2. Use camel case naming method for method names, for example: getUserInfo().
3. Variable names use camel case naming, for example: $userName.
4. Use all uppercase letters in constant names and use underscores to separate words, for example: MAX_RETRY_TIMES.

2. Code style:

1. Use four spaces for indentation and do not use tabs.
2. Do not use extra spaces at the end of lines of code.
3. Use curly braces ({}) to wrap a control structure, even if the structure contains only one statement.
4. Write only one statement per line, do not use commas to separate multiple statements.
5. Add spaces before and after binary operators, for example: $sum = $a $b.
6. The length of the code line should not exceed 80 characters, and the excess part can be wrapped.

3. Comment specifications:

1. For complex code logic, use comments to explain ideas and implementation methods.
2. Write comments for each method and function to describe its role, parameters, return values ​​and possible exceptions.
3. Comment the key code segments to explain their functions and uses.
4. Avoid meaningless comments, such as commented out code blocks or typography symbols.

4. Error handling:

1. Handle possible exceptions reasonably and try to avoid directly throwing PHP built-in exceptions.
2. Use the try-catch statement to catch exceptions, and record and handle exceptions in the catch block.
3. In a development environment, you can use the E_ALL | E_STRICT error reporting level to detect potential problems as early as possible.

5. Functions and methods:

1. Functions and methods should be as concise and independent as possible, and only do one thing.
2. Avoid using global variables, parameters and return values ​​should be clear and clear.
3. Avoid too many nested if-else statements and use early returns to improve code readability.

The following is a sample code:

<?php
/**
 * 获取用户信息
 *
 * @param int $userId 用户ID
 * @return array 用户信息数组
 * @throws Exception 用户不存在异常
 */
function getUserInfo($userId)
{
    if ($userId <= 0) {
        throw new Exception('Invalid user ID');
    }

    $user = fetchUserFromDatabase($userId);

    // 处理用户信息
    $userInfo = [];
    $userInfo['id'] = $user['id'];
    $userInfo['name'] = $user['name'];
    $userInfo['age'] = calculateAge($user['birth_date']);
    
    return $userInfo;
}

/**
 * 计算年龄
 *
 * @param string $birthDate 生日，格式为YYYY-MM-DD
 * @return int 年龄
 */
function calculateAge($birthDate)
{
    list($year, $month, $day) = explode('-', $birthDate);
    $currentYear = date('Y');
    $currentMonth = date('m');
    $currentDay = date('d');
    $age = $currentYear - $year;

    if ($currentMonth < $month || ($currentMonth == $month && $currentDay < $day)) {
        $age--;
    }

    return $age;
}
?>

The above example shows a function to obtain user information and calculate age. They follow the naming conventions, coding style and comments mentioned above. specification.

Conclusion:
Writing clear, concise and efficient code is the goal that every PHP developer should pursue. Good writing standards can not only improve team collaboration efficiency, but also improve code quality and project maintainability. I hope that the PHP writing specifications introduced in this article can be helpful to developers and promote the continuous improvement of PHP code quality.

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