The key to writing PHP code efficiently: learn to follow writing conventions

The key to writing PHP code efficiently: learn to abide by writing specifications

In the process of PHP development, writing efficient code is very important, it can not only improve the code maintainability and readability, and also increase code execution efficiency. Learning to abide by writing standards is one of the keys to writing PHP code efficiently. This article will introduce some common writing conventions and provide corresponding code examples.

1. Naming conventions

Good naming conventions can make the code easier to understand and maintain. The following are some common naming conventions:

1. Class names should be CamelCase nomenclature, that is, the first letter of each word is capitalized, for example: class UserRegister.
2. Function and method names should use camel case naming, that is, the first letter of the first word is lowercase, and the first letter of subsequent words is uppercase, for example: function getUserInfo().
3. Variable names should use a combination of lowercase letters and underscores, for example: $user_info.

Code example:

class UserRegister {
    public function getUserInfo() {
        $user_info = array();
        // 获取用户信息的代码
        return $user_info;
    }
}

2. Code indentation

Good code indentation can make the code easier to read and understand. Usually we use four spaces Or a tab character for indentation.

Code example:

function calculateSum($a, $b) {
    // 若a和b都大于0，则返回它们的和
    if ($a > 0 && $b > 0) {
        return $a + $b;
    }
    // 若a和b中有一个小于等于0，则返回0
    else {
        return 0;
    }
}

3. Comment specifications

Appropriate comments can make the code easier to understand and maintain. The following are some common comment specifications:

1. Above a function or method, use a multi-line comment to describe it, including its functions, parameters, return values, etc.
2. Use single-line comments to explain key parts of the code. For complex logic or code fragments with unclear intentions, use comments to supplement explanations.

Code example:

/**
 * 获取用户信息函数
 * @param int $user_id 用户ID
 * @return array 用户信息数组
 */
function getUserInfo($user_id) {
    // 根据用户ID从数据库中查询相关信息
    $user_info = array();
    // 具体的查询代码
    return $user_info;
}

4. Avoid using global variables

In PHP development, it is a good coding habit to avoid using global variables. Global variables can easily cause naming conflicts and code logic confusion, which is not conducive to code maintenance and expansion. It is recommended to encapsulate relevant variables inside a class or function and pass them through parameters.

Code example:

class User {
    private $user_name;

    public function setUserName($name) {
        $this->user_name = $name;
    }

    public function getUserName() {
        return $this->user_name;
    }
}

5. Minimize the side effects of functions and methods

Side effects refer to changes to the external environment within a function or method, such as modifying global variables , database addition, deletion and modification operations, etc. Reducing the side effects of functions and methods can improve the maintainability and testability of your code.

Code example:

class Calculator {
    public function add($a, $b) {
        return $a + $b;
    }
}

6. Reasonable use of namespaces

Namespaces can avoid class name conflicts and provide a clearer and readable code structure. Proper use of namespaces facilitates code maintenance and expansion.

Code example:

namespace MyProjectModel;

class User {
    // ...
}

7. Other specification recommendations

1. Use object-oriented programming ideas and try to avoid excessive use of global functions.
2. Use type hints as much as possible to improve the readability and security of the code.
3. Use the automatic loading mechanism to avoid manually importing class files.
4. Use reasonable file and directory structures to facilitate code management.

Summary:

Learning to abide by writing standards is one of the keys to writing efficient PHP code. Good naming conventions, code indentation, comment conventions, etc. can make the code easier to understand, maintain, and expand. Following these specifications and combining them with the needs of actual projects can improve the quality and reliability of the code and achieve the goal of writing PHP code efficiently.

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