Understand the use of various functions of C++ in embedded system development

Understand the use of various functions of C in embedded system development

With the continuous development of technology, embedded systems have been widely used in various fields. In the development of embedded systems, the use of C language is of great significance. C language not only provides powerful object-oriented programming capabilities, but also has high efficiency and portability, making the development of embedded systems more convenient and efficient. This article will introduce the use of various functions of C in embedded system development and illustrate it with code examples.

1. Object-oriented programming (OOP)

Object-oriented programming is a major feature of C, which makes embedded system development more modular and flexible. By using features such as classes, objects, inheritance, and polymorphism, each functional module of the system can be separated to facilitate debugging and maintenance. The following is a simple example:

class LED {
  private:
    int pin;

  public:
    LED(int pin) : pin(pin) {}

    void turnOn() {
        digitalWrite(pin, HIGH);
    }

    void turnOff() {
        digitalWrite(pin, LOW);
    }
};

void setup() {
    LED led(2);
    led.turnOn();
}

void loop() {
    // ...
}

In the above code, we define a class named LED, which contains a private member variable pin and two public member functionsturnOn() and turnOff() are used to turn on and off the LED light respectively. In the setup() function, we create an LED object and call the turnOn() function to light up the LED light.

2. Precise memory control

In embedded system development, memory management is particularly important. C implements dynamic memory management by providing operators new and delete, and can accurately control the life cycle of objects. The following is a simple example:

class Sensor {
  private:
    int value;

  public:
    Sensor() {
        value = 0;
        Serial.println("Sensor created");
    }

    ~Sensor() {
        Serial.println("Sensor destroyed");
    }

    void updateValue(int newValue) {
        value = newValue;
    }

    int getValue() {
        return value;
    }
};

void setup() {
    Sensor* sensor = new Sensor();
    sensor->updateValue(10);
    delete sensor;
}

void loop() {
    // ...
}

In the above code, we define a class named Sensor, which contains a private member variable value and two public member functions updateValue() and getValue() are used to update and obtain sensor values ​​respectively. In the setup() function, we use the new operator to create a Sensor object and call the updateValue() function to update the sensor value. At the end of the function, we destroy the Sensor object and release the memory space through the delete operator.

3. Access to underlying hardware

In the development of embedded systems, interaction with hardware is unavoidable. C can easily access the underlying hardware by providing corresponding library functions and classes. The following is a simple example:

#include <Wire.h>

class Sensor {
  private:
    int value;

  public:
    Sensor() {
        value = 0;
        Wire.begin();
    }

    void updateValue() {
        Wire.requestFrom(0x20, 2);
        while (Wire.available()) {
            int highByte = Wire.read();
            int lowByte = Wire.read();
            value = (highByte << 8) | lowByte;
        }
    }

    int getValue() {
        return value;
    }
};

void setup() {
    Sensor sensor;
    sensor.updateValue();
    int value = sensor.getValue();
    Serial.println(value);
}

void loop() {
    // ...
}

In the above code, we use the Wire library to access the I2C device. We define a class named Sensor, which contains a private member variable value and two public member functions updateValue() and getValue(), Used to update sensor values ​​and obtain sensor values ​​respectively. In the setup() function, we create a Sensor object and call the updateValue() function to obtain the sensor value and output it through the serial port.

Summary:

C has a series of functions and advantages in embedded system development, such as object-oriented programming, memory control and underlying hardware access, etc. By properly utilizing these capabilities, we can develop embedded systems more efficiently. I hope this article can help readers understand the use of various functions of C in embedded system development.

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