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foreach 使用&引用赋值要注意的问题_PHP

Jun 01, 2016 pm 12:20 PM

foreach 通过在 $value 之前加上 & 很容易就能修改数组的单元,如:

PHP代码

  1. foreach($arr as &$value){   
  2.  $value .= '4';   
  3. }  

但这个用法也很容易造成错误,而且也不容易找。
看例子更直截了当:

PHP代码

  1. $arr = array('a','b','c');   
  2. $arr2 = array('d''e''f');   
  3.   
  4. foreach($arr as &$value){//习惯用$value或$val   
  5.  $value .= '4';   
  6. }   
  7.   
  8. //都处理完毕我们在页面模版输出,首先输出$arr2   
  9. foreach($arr2 as $value){//习惯用$value或$val   
  10.  //echo $value;   
  11. }   
  12. //然后再这样输出 $arr;   
  13. foreach($arr as $value){//习惯用$value或$val   
  14.  echo $value"\n";   
  15. }   
  16. ?>  

大家看看输出的结果是否和期望的一样。这里结果是:

a4
b4
b4

结果和我期待的不一样,这个就是引用引起的问题。
在 foreach($arr as &$value) 数组遍历到最后,引用关系并没有断开,这是等同于 $value 与 $arr 的最后一个单元即 $arr[2] 引用。

再到 foreach($arr2 as $value),$value的值一直随数组单元的值变,由于引用关系没有断开,$arr[2] 的值也跟着变化。一直到$arr2遍历完,这是$value的值为f,所以$arr[2]值也为f。
这时$arr的值应为:

Array
(
    [0] => a4
    [1] => b4
    [2] => f
)

这个和我们看到的最终输出结果又不一样。再到 foreach($arr as $value),同理,这时 $arr[2]的值也随着 $value 变化,当遍历到key为1,即$arr[1]时,$arr[2]的值也变成 $arr[1] 的值,即是 b4。然后再遍历到key为2时 $arr[2]的值又成了 $arr[2] 的值,也就是 b4 了。就是输出时的结果。

所以在 foreach 使用引用时要注意了。也可以在处理完后立即断开引用关系,后面就不会有上述情况了。

PHP代码

  1. foreach($arr as &$value){   
  2.  $value .= '4';   
  3. }   
  4. unset($value);  
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