How to use Nginx proxy server to protect sensitive information and user data of web services?

How to use Nginx proxy server to protect sensitive information and user data of web services?

With the rapid development of Web services, protecting user data and sensitive information has become a very important issue. As an efficient and flexible web server and reverse proxy server, Nginx proxy server can help us achieve the goal of protecting web services. This article will introduce how to use Nginx proxy server to protect sensitive information and user data of web services.

1. Configure HTTPS

First of all, in order to protect users’ sensitive information, we need to use HTTPS to encrypt data transmission. Nginx supports using SSL certificates to configure HTTPS. In the configuration file we need to specify the location and password of the certificate. The following is a sample configuration:

server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name example.com;
  
    ssl_certificate /path/to/certificate.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /path/to/private.key;
  
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://web_service;
    }
}

In the above configuration, we enable HTTPS listening through listen 443 ssl;. server_name is used to specify the domain name of the server. ssl_certificate and ssl_certificate_key specify the locations of the certificate and private key respectively.

2. Reverse proxy and load balancing

Next, we can use the Nginx proxy server to forward the request to the actual web service, while also achieving load balancing. Through load balancing, we can improve the reliability and performance of the system.

The following is an example configuration:

http {
    upstream backend_servers {
        server backend1.example.com;
        server backend2.example.com;
    }
  
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name example.com;
  
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://backend_servers;
        }
    }
}

In the above configuration, upstream is used to define the list of backend servers. serverPartially listens to port 80 and forwards requests to the backend server. In this way we can achieve load balancing and high availability.

3. Filtering and Security Check

In order to protect the security of web services and user data, we can also use some of Nginx's filtering functions and security checking functions.

1. Filter sensitive information

We can use Nginx’s sub_filter module to filter sensitive information, such as mobile phone numbers, bank card numbers, etc. Here is a sample configuration:

location / {
    sub_filter '1234567890' '**********';
    proxy_pass http://web_service;
}

In the above configuration, we replaced 1234567890 in the request with **********. This way we can filter out sensitive information.

2. Prevent malicious requests and attacks

Nginx provides some security modules, such as limit_req and limit_conn, for limiting Frequency of requests and number of connections per IP address. Here is a sample configuration:

http {
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=req_limit:10m rate=10r/s;
  
    server {
        location / {
            limit_req zone=req_limit burst=5;
            proxy_pass http://web_service;
        }
    }
}

In the above configuration, we use limit_req_zone to define a request frequency limit zone and set 10 requests per second and 10MB storage space. Then, use limit_req in the location section to limit the request frequency to 10 requests per IP address.

Through these filtering and security checking functions, we can protect web services from malicious requests and attacks.

Summary:

Through the above configuration and sample code, we can see that the Nginx proxy server, as an efficient and flexible web server and reverse proxy server, can help us achieve protection The goal of the web service. We can encrypt data transmission by configuring HTTPS, use load balancing to improve system reliability and performance, and ensure the security of web services and user data through filtering and security inspection functions. I hope this article will help you understand how to use Nginx proxy server to protect sensitive information and user data of web services.

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