How to use code static analysis tools to help comply with the latest PHP code specifications?

How to use code static analysis tools to help comply with the latest PHP code specifications?

Overview:
With the development and evolution of the PHP language, PHP code specifications are constantly updated and improved. Complying with the latest PHP code specifications helps improve code readability, maintainability, and reliability. However, manually checking whether code conforms to specifications is a time-consuming and labor-intensive task. To simplify this process and maximize efficiency, we can utilize code static analysis tools. This article will introduce how to use code static analysis tools to assist in complying with the latest PHP code specifications.

Step 1: Choose a suitable code static analysis tool
There are many code static analysis tools on the market to choose from, such as PHP_CodeSniffer, PHPStan and Psalm. Different tools have different features and rule sets, and you can choose the right tool based on your personal needs. In this article, we will use PHP_CodeSniffer as an example to demonstrate.

Step 2: Install and configure code static analysis tool
Before we begin, we need to install and configure the selected code static analysis tool. Taking PHP_CodeSniffer as an example, you can install it through Composer and execute the following command:

composer require squizlabs/php_codesniffer --dev

After the installation is complete, you can write a customized code specification configuration file, such as using PSR-12 as the baseline specification. Create a file named .phpcs.xml and add the following content in the file:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ruleset name="My Coding Standard">
    <description>My custom coding standard based on PSR-12.</description>
    <file>./src</file>
    <arg value="--standard=PSR12" />
    <arg value="--colors" />
</ruleset>

This configuration file specifies the use of the PSR-12 specification and specifies that the code directory to be checked is ./src. For more configuration options, please refer to the documentation of PHP_CodeSniffer.

Step 3: Code specification check
During the code writing process, we can check whether the code complies with the specification by running a code static analysis tool. Taking PHP_CodeSniffer as an example, execute the following command to check the code:

vendor/bin/phpcs --report=json --report-file=phpcs_report.json

After running the above command, the code static analysis tool will generate a JSON format report file phpcs_report.json, which contains the code Specification error details.

Step 4: Automatically repair the code
Code static analysis tools usually also provide the function of automatically repairing the code. Taking PHP_CodeSniffer as an example, we can automatically repair the code through the following command:

vendor/bin/phpcbf

After running the above command, the code static analysis tool will automatically modify some simple specification errors, such as spaces, indentation, etc. However, some complex errors may require manual fixing.

Code example:
The following is a simple PHP code example:

<?php

function testFunc($param1,$param2)
{
    return $param1+$param2;
}

$result = testFunc(1, 2);
echo $result;

After running PHP_CodeSniffer for code specification checking, the following error will be found:

{
    "totals": {
        "errors": 3,
        "warnings": 0,
        "fixable": 3
    },
    "files": {
        "example.php": {
            "errors": [],
            "warnings": [],
            "fixable": [
                {
                    "line": 3,
                    "column": 14,
                    "message": "Expected 1 space after comma in function declaration; found 0",
                    "source": "PSR12.Functions.FunctionDeclaration.SpaceAfterComma"
                },
                {
                    "line": 3,
                    "column": 24,
                    "message": "Expected 1 space after comma in function declaration; found 0",
                    "source": "PSR12.Functions.FunctionDeclaration.SpaceAfterComma"
                },
                {
                    "line": 7,
                    "column": 14,
                    "message": "Expected 0 spaces before semicolon; 1 found",
                    "source": "PSR12.Functions.FunctionDeclaration.SpaceBeforeSemicolon"
                }
            ]
        }
    }
}

According to Report, we can see that in the function declaration, parameters need to be separated by a space, and there should be no extra space before the semicolon. These specification errors can be fixed based on the reports.

Summary:
Using code static analysis tools can help us comply with the latest PHP code specifications. By choosing the right tools, installation and configuration, code convention checks, and automated fixes, we can improve the quality and maintainability of our code. I hope this article is helpful to you, and may your code specifications meet expectations!

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