How to build a custom framework in PHP?

How to build a custom framework in PHP?

Custom framework is one of the common requirements in web development. By building their own framework, developers can better meet the needs of their projects and increase development efficiency. This article will show you how to build a simple custom framework in PHP.

1. Framework structure

A typical PHP framework should contain the following parts:

1. Router: Responsible for mapping URLs to controllers and actions (method).
2. Controller: Receive and process requests, obtain data by calling the model, then render the view and return the response.
3. Model: Responsible for interacting with the database and processing operations such as addition, deletion, modification, and query of data.
4. View: Responsible for displaying data and displaying results to users.
5. Core Class: Includes the core functions of the framework, such as configuration parsing, error handling, etc.

Next we will gradually implement our custom framework according to the above structure.

2. Writing the Router

The router determines the controller and action corresponding to the request by parsing the URL.

class Router {
    protected $controller = 'DefaultController';
    protected $action = 'indexAction';

    public function handleRequest() {
        $url = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];

        // 解析URL，获取controller和action
        // 如 /user/create 将解析为 UserContoller 的 createAction 方法
        // 默认为 DefaultController 的 indexAction 方法
        $parts = explode('/', $url);
        if (isset($parts[1]) && !empty($parts[1])) {
            $this->controller = ucfirst($parts[1]) . 'Controller';
        }
        if (isset($parts[2]) && !empty($parts[2])) {
            $this->action = $parts[2] . 'Action';
        }

        // 创建控制器对象并调用对应的方法
        $controller = new $this->controller;
        $controller->{$this->action}();
    }
}

3. Write the controller (Controller)

The controller receives and processes the request, and then calls the model and view to complete the operation.

class DefaultController {
    public function indexAction() {
        echo 'Hello, welcome to my custom framework!';
    }
}

4. Writing the Model

The model is responsible for interacting with the database and handling operations such as addition, deletion, modification, and query of data. Here we only do simple examples and do not involve database operations.

class UserModel {
    public function getAllUsers() {
        return [
            ['id' => 1, 'name' => 'Alice'],
            ['id' => 2, 'name' => 'Bob'],
            ['id' => 3, 'name' => 'Charlie'],
        ];
    }
}

5. Write View (View)

The view is responsible for displaying data and displaying the results to the user.

class View {
    public function render($data) {
        foreach ($data as $item) {
            echo 'ID: ' . $item['id'] . ', Name: ' . $item['name'] . '<br>';
        }
    }
}

6. Integrate all components into the entry file

require_once 'Router.php';
require_once 'Controller.php';
require_once 'Model.php';
require_once 'View.php';

$router = new Router();
$router->handleRequest();

7. Run the framework

Save the above code as index.php and place it in the root directory of the Web server Down. Visit http://localhost/ to see the output.

If you access http://localhost/user/getAll, the following results will be displayed:

ID: 1, Name: Alice
ID: 2, Name: Bob
ID : 3, Name: Charlie

So far, we have completed the construction of a simple custom PHP framework. Of course, the actual framework is far more complicated than this, and error handling, access control, etc. also need to be considered. But this example is enough to help you understand how to build your own framework.

Summary

This article introduces how to build a simple custom framework in PHP. A mature framework usually contains components such as routers, controllers, models, views, and core classes, and is able to handle requests and generate responses.

Customized frameworks can help developers better meet project needs and improve development efficiency. I hope this article will help you understand the basic concepts of custom frameworks.

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