Binary Calculator is a program that performs mathematical calculations on binary numbers. Now, you remember that a binary number is a number that consists of only two digits, namely 0 and 1. In this blog, we will use this program to calculate addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of binary numbers. This will be a basic calculator that will use basic concepts of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to perform the same operations. So, let’s start understanding HTML structure.
HTML Structure
First, we will make a table, which will be divided into table rows, providing functions such as adding 1, adding 0, clearing the display and buttons of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division signs, etc.
<form>
<table>
<tr>
<td colspan="4">
<input type="text" id="display" disabled />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<input type="button" value="1" onclick="addToDisplay(1)" />
</td>
<td>
<input type="button" value="0" onclick="addToDisplay(0)" />
</td>
<td>
<input type="button" value="C" onclick="clearDisplay()" />
</td>
<td>
<input type="button" value="+" onclick="addToDisplay('+')" />
</td>
<td>
<input type="button" value="-" onclick="addToDisplay('-')" />
</td>
<td>
<input type="button" value="*" onclick="addToDisplay('*')" />
</td>
<td>
<input type="button" value="/" onclick="addToDisplay('/')" />
</td>
<td>
<input type="button" value="=" onclick="calculate()" />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4">
Equivalent Decimal is:
<p id="toDecimal"></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4">
<p id="previousCalculation"></p>
</td>
</tr>
<!-- more buttons for the other operations -->
</table>
</form>
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As you can see, we have an input field with the ID "display" that is disabled. This field will be used to display input and calculation results. We also have a set of buttons for different binary numbers (0 and 1) and different mathematical operations ( , -, *, /). Each button has an onclick attribute that triggers a JavaScript function when clicked.
CSS Style
Next, we'll add some CSS styles to make our calculator look nicer.
<style>
/* Center the calculator on the page */
table {
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 20px;
}
/* Style the display */
#display {
background-color: #f2f2f2; /* gray */
text-align: right;
padding: 12px 20px;
font-size: 20px;
border: none;
width: 100%;
}
/* Add some spacing between the buttons */
input[type="button"] {
margin: 5px;
}
/* Give the buttons a consistent size and appearance */
input[type="button"] {
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
font-size: 18px;
background-color: #f2f2f2;
border: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
#toDecimal {
font-size: 30px;
}
/* Add hover effect to the buttons */
input[type="button"]:hover {
background-color: #e6e6e6;
}
/* Add a different style for the operator buttons */
input[type="button"][value="+"],
input[type="button"][value="-"],
input[type="button"][value="*"],
input[type="button"][value="/"] {
background-color: #4caf50;
color: white;
}
/* Add a different style for the clear button */
input[type="button"][value="C"] {
background-color: #f44336;
color: white;
}
/* Add a different style for the equal button */
input[type="button"][value="="] {
background-color: #2196f3;
color: white;
}
</style>
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JavaScript Function
Finally, we will add JavaScript functionality to the calculator.
<script>
function addToDisplay(val) {
var display = document.getElementById("display");
display.value += val;
}
function clearDisplay() {
var display = document.getElementById("display");
display.value = "";
document.getElementById("toDecimal").innerHTML = "";
}
function calculate() {
var display = document.getElementById("display");
var result = eval(display.value);
display.value = result;
var decimalNumber = parseInt(result, 2);
document.getElementById("toDecimal").innerHTML = decimalNumber;
}
function calculate() {
var display = document.getElementById("display");
var input = display.value;
var result;
//splitting the input by operator
var numbers = input.split(/[+\-*/]/);
var operator = input.replace(numbers[0], "").replace(numbers[1], "");
//converting strings to binary
var num1 = parseInt(numbers[0], 2);
var num2 = parseInt(numbers[1], 2);
//checking the operator and performing the corresponding operation
switch (operator) {
case "+":
result = (num1 + num2).toString(2);
var decimalNumber = parseInt(result, 2);
document.getElementById("toDecimal").innerHTML = decimalNumber;
break;
case "-":
result = (num1 - num2).toString(2);
var decimalNumber = parseInt(result, 2);
document.getElementById("toDecimal").innerHTML = decimalNumber;
break;
case "*":
result = (num1 * num2).toString(2);
var decimalNumber = parseInt(result, 2);
document.getElementById("toDecimal").innerHTML = decimalNumber;
break;
case "/":
result = (num1 / num2).toString(2);
var decimalNumber = parseInt(result, 2);
document.getElementById("toDecimal").innerHTML = decimalNumber;
break;
default:
result = "Invalid operator";
var decimalNumber = parseInt(result, 2);
document.getElementById("toDecimal").innerHTML = decimalNumber;
}
display.value = result;
}
</script>
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Merge all the above codes into the index.html file
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Calculator</title>
<style>
/* Center the calculator on the page */
table {
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 20px;
}
/* Style the display */
#display {
background-color: #f2f2f2; /* gray */
text-align: right;
padding: 12px 20px;
font-size: 20px;
border: none;
width: 100%;
}
/* Add some spacing between the buttons */
input[type="button"] {
margin: 5px;
}
/* Give the buttons a consistent size and appearance */
input[type="button"] {
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
font-size: 18px;
background-color: #f2f2f2;
border: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
#toDecimal {
font-size: 30px;
}
/* Add hover effect to the buttons */
input[type="button"]:hover {
background-color: #e6e6e6;
}
/* Add a different style for the operator buttons */
input[type="button"][value="+"],
input[type="button"][value="-"],
input[type="button"][value="*"],
input[type="button"][value="/"] {
background-color: #4caf50;
color: white;
}
/* Add a different style for the clear button */
input[type="button"][value="C"] {
background-color: #f44336;
color: white;
}
/* Add a different style for the equal button */
input[type="button"][value="="] {
background-color: #2196f3;
color: white;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<table>
<tr>
<td colspan="4">
<input type="text" id="display" disabled />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<input type="button" value="1" onclick="addToDisplay(1)" />
</td>
<td>
<input type="button" value="0" onclick="addToDisplay(0)" />
</td>
<td>
<input type="button" value="C" onclick="clearDisplay()" />
</td>
<td>
<input type="button" value="+" onclick="addToDisplay('+')" />
</td>
<td>
<input type="button" value="-" onclick="addToDisplay('-')" />
</td>
<td>
<input type="button" value="*" onclick="addToDisplay('*')" />
</td>
<td>
<input type="button" value="/" onclick="addToDisplay('/')" />
</td>
<td>
<input type="button" value="=" onclick="calculate()" />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4">
Equivalent Decimal is:
<p id="toDecimal"></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4">
<p id="previousCalculation"></p>
</td>
</tr>
<!-- more buttons for the other operations -->
</table>
</form>
<script>
function addToDisplay(val) {
var display = document.getElementById("display");
display.value += val;
}
function clearDisplay() {
var display = document.getElementById("display");
display.value = "";
document.getElementById("toDecimal").innerHTML = "";
}
function calculate() {
var display = document.getElementById("display");
var result = eval(display.value);
display.value = result;
var decimalNumber = parseInt(result, 2);
document.getElementById("toDecimal").innerHTML = decimalNumber;
}
function calculate() {
var display = document.getElementById("display");
var input = display.value;
var result;
//splitting the input by operator
var numbers = input.split(/[+\-*/]/);
var operator = input.replace(numbers[0], "").replace(numbers[1], "");
//converting strings to binary
var num1 = parseInt(numbers[0], 2);
var num2 = parseInt(numbers[1], 2);
//checking the operator and performing the corresponding operation
switch (operator) {
case "+":
result = (num1 + num2).toString(2);
var decimalNumber = parseInt(result, 2);
document.getElementById("toDecimal").innerHTML = decimalNumber;
break;
case "-":
result = (num1 - num2).toString(2);
var decimalNumber = parseInt(result, 2);
document.getElementById("toDecimal").innerHTML = decimalNumber;
break;
case "*":
result = (num1 * num2).toString(2);
var decimalNumber = parseInt(result, 2);
document.getElementById("toDecimal").innerHTML = decimalNumber;
break;
case "/":
result = (num1 / num2).toString(2);
var decimalNumber = parseInt(result, 2);
document.getElementById("toDecimal").innerHTML = decimalNumber;
break;
default:
result = "Invalid operator";
var decimalNumber = parseInt(result, 2);
document.getElementById("toDecimal").innerHTML = decimalNumber;
}
display.value = result;
localStorage.setItem("previousCalculation", input + " = " + result);
var previousCalculation = localStorage.getItem("previousCalculation");
document.getElementById("previousCalculation").innerHTML = previousCalculation;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
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In this tutorial, we learned how to create a binary calculator using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. We've seen how to set up the HTML structure, add CSS styles, and JavaScript functionality to create a usable calculator. You can add more features like handling error conditions and add more actions as per your requirement. This project helps you understand how different languages work together to create dynamic, interactive web applications.
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