Proficient in C++ development technology to create highly scalable PHP7/8 extensions

Proficient in C development technology to create highly scalable PHP7/8 extensions

Introduction:
PHP is a scripting language widely used in Web development. Its ease of use and flexibility make it the first choice of many developers. However, due to PHP's interpretation and execution mechanism, it has poor performance when handling complex calculations and high concurrent requests. In order to solve this problem, PHP provides an extension mechanism that can improve the performance and functionality of PHP through extensions written in C. This article will introduce how to use C to develop highly scalable PHP7/8 extensions and provide code examples.

1. The combination of C and PHP
C is a powerful programming language that provides a wealth of tools and libraries that can easily handle complex calculations and efficient memory management. PHP provides an easy-to-use and flexible development environment, as well as numerous extension libraries and functions. Combining C and PHP can make full use of their respective advantages to provide PHP with more functions and performance.

2. The structure and principle of extension
PHP extension is achieved by writing C language or C code and then compiling it into a shared library. In extensions, you can register new PHP functions, classes, and constants and interact with the PHP interpreter through the ZEND API. Extensions can access PHP's internal data structures and use the functions and macros provided by PHP to manipulate and process data.

3. Construction of development environment
To develop PHP extensions, you first need to set up a corresponding development environment. The following is a simple example:

1. Install PHP development package
   First, you need to install the PHP development package, including PHP header files and related development tools. In Linux systems, you can use the following command to install:
   sudo apt-get install php-dev
2. Create extension directory
   In the directory where the extension needs to be created, use the following command to create a new Extension directory:
   mkdir my_extension
3. Create configuration file
   In the extension directory, create a file named config.m4 to configure the extension’s compilation options. The sample configuration file is as follows:
   PHP_ARG_ENABLE(my_extension, whether to enable my_extension support,
   [ --enable-my_extension Enable my_extension support])
4. Create extension code
   In the extension directory, create A file named my_extension.cpp is used to write the code for the extension. The sample code is as follows:

#include <php.h>
 
// 定义PHP函数
PHP_FUNCTION(hello_world)
{
   php_printf("Hello World!n");
}
 
// 注册扩展函数
const zend_function_entry my_extension_functions[] = {
   PHP_FE(hello_world, NULL)
   {NULL, NULL, NULL}
};
 
// 扩展模块信息
zend_module_entry my_extension_module_entry = {
   STANDARD_MODULE_HEADER,
   "my_extension",
   my_extension_functions,
   NULL,
   NULL,
   NULL,
   NULL,
   NULL,
   PHP_MINFO(my_extension),
   "1.0",
   STANDARD_MODULE_PROPERTIES
};
 
// 扩展的初始化函数
zend_extension *my_extension_startup(INIT_FUNC_ARGS)
{
   return zend_startup_module(&my_extension_module_entry);
}
 
// 扩展的信息函数
PHP_MINFO_FUNCTION(my_extension)
{
   php_info_print_table_start();
   php_info_print_table_row(2, "my_extension support", "enabled");
   php_info_print_table_end();
}
 
// 注册扩展
zend_module_entry my_extension_module_entry = {
   STANDARD_MODULE_HEADER,
   "my_extension",
   my_extension_functions,
   NULL,
   NULL,
   NULL,
   NULL,
   NULL,
   PHP_MINFO(my_extension),
   "1.0",
   STANDARD_MODULE_PROPERTIES
};
 
#ifdef COMPILE_DL_MY_EXTENSION
ZEND_GET_MODULE(my_extension)
#endif

4. Compile and install the extension
After completing the writing of the extension code, you need to compile and install it. In the extension directory, use the following commands to compile and install:

phpize
./configure --enable-my_extension
make
sudo make install

After successful compilation and installation, you can add the following line to php.ini to enable the extension:

extension=my_extension.so

5. Use the extension
Using extensions can directly call the corresponding PHP function. The following is a simple example:

<?php
hello_world();
?>

Running the above code will output "Hello World!".

Summary:
This article introduces the methods and principles of developing highly scalable PHP7/8 extensions using C, and provides a simple code example. By combining the power of C with the ease of use of PHP, you can give PHP more functionality and performance. Developers can write more complex and efficient extensions based on actual needs to meet different needs. I hope this article will be helpful to developers who use C to develop PHP extensions.

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