


Linux server security in action: using command line tools for defense
Linux server security in action: using command line tools for defense
引言:
作为一名Linux服务器管理员,我们必须时刻保护服务器的安全性。在日常工作中,使用命令行工具进行服务器的防御是一种简单高效的方法。本文将介绍一些常用的命令行工具,并给出相应的代码示例,帮助管理员加强服务器的安全性。
一、防火墙设置
防火墙是保护服务器免受恶意攻击的重要工具。Linux系统中常用的防火墙工具是iptables。以下是一些常用的iptables命令,用于配置服务器的防火墙规则:
-
允许指定IP访问特定端口:
1
iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.0.0/24 -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
Copy after login 拒绝所有其他IP访问指定端口:
1
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j DROP
Copy after login查看当前防火墙规则:
1
iptables -L
Copy after login
二、SSH安全设置
SSH是服务器与客户端之间安全通信的基础。根据具体需求,可以对SSH进行以下安全设置:
修改SSH默认端口(默认为22):
1
2
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# 修改Port 22为其他端口号
Copy after login禁止root用户通过SSH远程登录:
1
2
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# 修改PermitRootLogin为no
Copy after login禁止空密码登录:
1
2
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# 修改PermitEmptyPasswords为no
Copy after login
三、入侵检测系统(HIDS)
入侵检测系统(Host-based Intrusion Detection System,简称HIDS)可以检测和防御服务器上的安全威胁。以下是一些常用的HIDS工具和命令:
使用Open Source Tripwire进行文件完整性检查:
1
tripwire --check
Copy after login使用AIDE(Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment)进行文件完整性检查:
1
aide --check
Copy after login
四、网络流量分析
网络流量分析可以帮助管理员监控服务器的网络活动,及时发现异常并采取相应的安全措施。以下是一些常用的网络流量分析工具和命令:
使用tcpdump捕获网络流量:
1
tcpdump -i eth0 -s 0 -w output.pcap
Copy after login使用Wireshark分析捕获的网络流量:
1
wireshark -r output.pcap
Copy after login
五、日志分析
日志分析是及时发现服务器异常的重要手段。以下是一些常用的日志分析工具和命令:
统计登录失败的用户:
1
grep
"Failed password"
/
var
/log/auth.log | awk
'{print $11}'
| sort | uniq -c | sort -rn
Copy after login检查登录成功的用户:
1
grep
"Accepted password"
/
var
/log/auth.log | awk
'{print $11}'
| sort | uniq -c | sort -rn
Copy after login
六、密码安全策略
良好的密码安全策略是保护服务器安全性的关键。以下是一些常用的密码安全策略命令:
修改密码最小长度:
1
2
vi /etc/login.defs
# 修改PASS_MIN_LEN为所需的最小密码长度
Copy after login密码复杂度策略设置:
1
2
vi /etc/pam.d/common-password
# 修改password requisite pam_cracklib.so参数,设置密码复杂度策略
Copy after login
结论:
通过运用命令行工具进行防御,我们可以提高Linux服务器的安全性。本文介绍了一些常用的命令行工具,并给出了相应的代码示例,希望能给管理员提供一些参考。
参考文献:
[1] Linux控制台命令防火墙设置配置命令iptables介绍,https://blog.csdn.net/u010648555/article/details/82840741
[2] Linux防火墙配置详解,https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1006847
[3] SSH远程登录的安全设置,https://www.cnblogs.com/me115/p/13098681.html
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