Practice and application of PHP7 underlying development principles: how to write high-performance PHP extensions

Practice and application of PHP7 underlying development principles: How to write high-performance PHP extensions

In modern Web development, PHP is one of the most popular scripting languages . However, since PHP is an interpreted language, its performance often becomes the focus of developers. In order to improve the performance of PHP, a common approach is to use the underlying language for development by writing extensions. This article will explore the practice and application of PHP7's underlying development principles, focusing on how to write high-performance PHP extensions.

Before we start writing PHP extensions, we need to understand the underlying development principles of PHP7. PHP7 introduces Zend Engine 3.0, one of the most important improvements is the optimization of variables and memory management. In Zend Engine 3.0, new data types and operators are introduced, and the memory management method of variables is optimized, making PHP7 more efficient than previous versions.

First, we need to install the PHP7 development environment. In Linux, it can be installed using the following command:

sudo apt-get install php7.0-dev

Next, we will start writing a simple PHP extension to demonstrate how to write high-performance PHP extensions. First, we need to create a config.m4 file in the extension's directory to specify the extension's configuration information. The following is the content of an example config.m4 file:

PHP_ARG_ENABLE(your_extension, whether to enable your_extension support,
[dnl Enable your_extension support])
if test "$PHP_your_extension" != "no"; then
  PHP_REQUIRE_CXX()
  PHP_SUBST(your_extension_SHARED_LIBADD)
  PHP_ADD_LIBRARY_WITH_PATH(your_extension, $ext_builddir, YOUR_EXTENSION_SHARED_LIBADD)
  PHP_NEW_EXTENSION(your_extension, your_extension.c, $ext_shared)
fi

Next, we need to create a your_extension.c file for writing extension code. Here is the content of an example your_extension.c file:

#include <php.h>

static function_entry your_extension_functions[] = {
    PHP_FE(your_function, NULL)
    {NULL, NULL, NULL}
};

zend_module_entry your_extension_module_entry = {
    STANDARD_MODULE_HEADER,
    "Your_Extension",
    your_extension_functions,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    NO_VERSION_YET,
    STANDARD_MODULE_PROPERTIES
};

#ifdef COMPILE_DL_YOUR_EXTENSION
ZEND_GET_MODULE(your_extension)
#endif

PHP_FUNCTION(your_function)
{
    php_printf("Hello from your_extension!");
}

In the above code, we have defined a PHP function called your_function, and when the function is called, it will output "Hello from your_extension!" .

Next, we need to modify the php.ini file to enable the newly written extension. Find the extension section in the php.ini file and add the following content:

extension=your_extension.so

After saving and closing the php.ini file, restart the web server and PHP will automatically load and enable the newly written extension.

The above are the basic steps for writing a simple PHP extension. Of course, in actual development, we can also write more complex PHP extensions to meet various needs. You need to consider the following points when writing high-performance PHP extensions:

1. Reduce function calls as much as possible: Function calls are very performance-consuming in PHP, so when writing PHP extensions, you should try to minimize function calls. frequency.
2. Avoid memory leaks: When writing PHP extensions, you should pay attention to memory allocation and release to avoid memory leaks.
3. Use the new features of PHP7: PHP7 introduces new data types and operators. These new features can help us write more efficient PHP code.

When writing high-performance PHP extensions, we can also use the API provided by the Zend engine to enhance its functionality. Zend engine provides a rich API, including functions and macros related to variables, memory management, error handling, etc.

To sum up, writing PHP extensions can improve the performance of PHP, making it more efficient in processing large amounts of data and high concurrency scenarios. When writing PHP extensions, we need to understand the underlying development principles of PHP7 and adopt some coding skills and performance optimization methods. Through continuous learning and practice, we can develop high-performance, stable and reliable PHP extensions to provide better performance and user experience for web applications.

Reference:

1. PHP Manual, http://php.net/manual/en/
2. PHP Internals, https://wiki.php. net/internals/
3. PHP Extension Writing, http://www.phpinternalsbook.com/extensions.html

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