Tips for developing PHP7/8 extensions: C++ practical tutorial

The secret of developing PHP7/8 extensions: C practical tutorial

Introduction:
With the development of PHP language, more and more developers are beginning to explore How to use C language to improve the performance of PHP code. PHP extension is a very powerful tool that can use C language to write efficient function modules to further improve the performance of PHP applications. In this article, we will explore the secrets of developing PHP7/8 extensions, focusing on practical tutorials in C language.

1. Why choose C?
When choosing to use C as the language to develop PHP extensions, there are several important reasons to consider:

1. Performance advantages: Compared with the PHP language itself, C has higher execution efficiency and Lower memory usage can significantly improve the performance of PHP code.
2. Powerful library support: C, as a mature programming language, has many excellent open source libraries that can provide various functional modules for PHP extensions.
3. Support for underlying operations: C language can directly access the underlying operating system and hardware resources, providing greater flexibility and functionality for PHP extensions.

2. Preparation work
Before starting to develop PHP7/8 extensions, the following preparation work is required:

1. Determine the development environment: install PHP7/8 and select A suitable C compiler.
2. Learn knowledge related to PHP extension development: Understand the structure and principles of PHP extensions, and be familiar with the basic knowledge of PHP extension development.
3. Learn C language: Be familiar with the syntax and features of C language, and understand the application scenarios of C in PHP extension development.

3. PHP extension development practice
Below we use a simple example to demonstrate how to use C to develop PHP extensions.

Example: Calculate the nth term of the Fibonacci sequence

1. Create the extension project directory and enter the directory:

   $ mkdir fibonacci_extension
   $ cd fibonacci_extension

2. Write C code filefibonacci.cpp:

   #include <phpcpp.h>
   
   Php::Value fibonacci(int n) {
    if (n <= 0) return 0;
    if (n == 1 || n == 2) return 1;
    Php::Value a = 1, b = 1, c;
    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {
        c = a + b;
        a = b;
        b = c;
    }
    return b;
   }
   
   // 定义扩展模块
   extern "C" {
    PHPCPP_EXPORT void *get_module() {
        static Php::Extension extension("fibonacci_extension", "1.0");
        extension.add<Php::Value("fibonacci")>(fibonacci, {
            Php::ByVal("n", Php::Type::Numeric)
        });
        return extension;
    }
   }

3. Create config.m4 file:

   PHP_ARG_ENABLE(fibonacci_extension, whether to enable fibonacci_extension support, [ --enable-fibonacci_extension Enable fibonacci_extension support])
   
   if test "$PHP_FIBONACCI_EXTENSION" != "no"; then
    PHP_NEW_EXTENSION(fibonacci_extension, fibonacci.cpp, $ext_shared)
   fi

4. Compile and install the extension:

   $ phpize
   $ ./configure --enable-fibonacci_extension
   $ make
   $ make install

5. Edit the php.ini file and enable the extension:

   extension=fibonacci_extension.so

6. Using extensions in PHP code:

   <?php
   echo fibonacci(10);  // 输出55
   ?>

The above is a simple practical tutorial on writing PHP7/8 extensions using C. By learning the knowledge of C language, we can flexibly use C to write efficient PHP extensions and improve the performance of PHP applications. Of course, in the actual development process, you need to have a deeper understanding of the details and techniques of PHP extension development and continuously improve your development level.

Conclusion:
Through the introduction of this article, we have learned the methods and techniques of using C language to develop PHP7/8 extensions. As an efficient programming language, C can provide more powerful functions and higher performance for PHP extensions. I hope this article can provide some help and guidance to PHP developers when developing PHP extensions using C. Let us continue to explore and innovate together to bring more possibilities to PHP applications.

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