How to develop PHP7/8 extensions using C++, a detailed guide for web developers

How to use C to develop PHP7/8 extensions, a detailed guide for Web developers

Introduction:
With the rapid development of Web development, PHP has become One of the most popular web development languages, and C as a high-performance, flexible programming language, can be used in conjunction with PHP to develop efficient PHP extensions. This article will give you a detailed introduction to the steps and precautions for using C to develop PHP7/8 extensions to help you better perform Web development.

Part One: Preparation
Before you start development, you need to do some preparations.

1. Install PHP7/8
   First, you need to install the PHP7/8 version in your development environment. You can download the PHP version suitable for your operating system from the PHP official website and install it according to the official documentation.
2. Familiar with PHP extension development
   Before starting development, it is recommended that you become familiar with the development concepts and basic knowledge of PHP extensions. Understanding the structure, life cycle and how PHP extensions interact with the PHP core will be very helpful for you to develop PHP extensions.
3. Install C development environment
   Since we will use C to develop PHP extensions, you need to install C development tools in your development environment. You can choose a suitable C compiler and integrated development environment (IDE), such as GCC, Visual Studio, etc.

Part 2: Creating a PHP Extension
Before you start creating a PHP extension, make sure you have completed the above preparations.

1. Create extension directory
   First, create a directory to store the extension source code. You can name it ext and create a subdirectory in it with the same name as your extension, like myextension.
2. Write extension code
   In the myextension directory, create a source code file named myextension.cpp. In this file, you will write the extended C code. Here is a simple example:

#include "php.h"

static PHP_FUNCTION(myextension_hello) {
    php_printf("Hello, World!
");
}

static const zend_function_entry myextension_functions[] = {
    PHP_FE(myextension_hello, NULL)
    {NULL, NULL, NULL}
};

zend_module_entry myextension_module_entry = {
    STANDARD_MODULE_HEADER,
    "myextension",
    myextension_functions,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    PHP_MINFO(myextension),
    PHP_MYEXTENSION_VERSION,
    STANDARD_MODULE_PROPERTIES
};

#ifdef COMPILE_DL_MYEXTENSION
ZEND_GET_MODULE(myextension)
#endif

The above code defines a PHP function named myextension_hello, which will be called in PHP and output "Hello, World!". In addition, a zend_function_entry structure is also defined for registering functions into the PHP kernel.

3. Create config.m4 file
   In the myextension directory, create a file named config.m4 for compiling and configuring extension options. The following is a sample file:

PHP_ARG_ENABLE(myextension, whether to enable myextension support,
[ --enable-myextension   Enable myextension support])

if test "$PHP_MYEXTENSION" != "no"; then
  PHP_REQUIRE_CXX
  PHP_SUBST(MYEXTENSION_SHARED_LIBADD)
  PHP_NEW_EXTENSION(myextension, myextension.cpp, $ext_shared)
fi

The above file defines a --enable-myextension option to control whether to enable myextension extension support.

4. Compile the extension using the command line
   Enter the myextension directory and execute the following command to compile the extension:

phpize
./configure --enable-myextension
make
sudo make install

The above command will use the phpize tool to generate configuration, Makefile and other files , and perform compilation and installation operations.

5. Configure PHP and enable the extension
   In the PHP configuration file php.ini, add the following content to enable the myextension extension:

extension=myextension.so

Save and close php. ini file and then restart PHP.

Part Three: Using PHP Extensions
Once the extension is successfully compiled and installed, you can use it in your PHP code.

1. Call extension function
   In your PHP code, you can use the myextension_hello function to call the extension. For example:

<?php
myextension_hello();
?>

Run the above code and you will see "Hello, World!" in the output.

2. Writing more complex extensions
   The above example is just a simple example, you can use C to write more complex extensions for more flexible interaction with PHP. You can define more PHP functions, classes, constants, and use various PHP built-in functions, data structures, etc. in extensions.

Conclusion:
This article details the steps and precautions for developing PHP7/8 extensions using C. By reading this article, you should know how to prepare a development environment, create extensions, and use PHP extensions. I hope this article will be helpful to your web development work and stimulate your interest in PHP extension development.

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