How to practice the new features of PHP8 by writing code

PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a scripting language widely used in web development. Recently, PHP released its latest version, PHP8, which brings many exciting new features and improvements. This article will introduce some important new features of PHP8 and give corresponding code examples to help readers better understand and practice these new features.

1. JIT compiler

PHP8 introduces the JIT (Just-In-Time) compiler, which improves the execution performance of the code by dynamically compiling PHP source code into local machine code. To enable the JIT compiler, simply add the following line to your php.ini file:

opcache.jit_buffer_size=100M
opcache.jit=tracing

Here is an example that demonstrates how to use the JIT compiler to improve the execution speed of your code:

<?php

$startTime = microtime(true);
for ($i = 0; $i < 1000000; $i++) {
    sqrt($i);
}
$endTime = microtime(true);

$executionTime = $endTime - $startTime;
echo "执行时间：{$executionTime}秒";

In PHP8, after using the JIT compiler, the execution speed of the above code will be significantly improved.

2. Improvements in property declaration

In previous PHP versions, properties (member variables) could only be accessed through methods of the class. PHP8 introduces a new property declaration syntax, which allows property declarations to be made directly at the top level of the class, improving the readability and maintainability of the code. Here is an example of using a new property declaration:

class Car {
    public string $brand;
    public string $model;
    public int $year;
    
    public function __construct(string $brand, string $model, int $year) {
        $this->brand = $brand;
        $this->model = $model;
        $this->year = $year;
    }
    
    public function getInfo() {
        return "这辆车是{$this->brand}的{$this->model}型号，生产于{$this->year}年。";
    }
}

$car = new Car("Honda", "Civic", 2022);
echo $car->getInfo();

In the above code, by declaring the property directly at the top level of the class, the code is made clearer and more readable.

3. Enhancement of strong type definition

PHP8 has also enhanced strong type definition. Specific types can be declared in the parameters and return values ​​of functions, which improves the predictability and accuracy of the code. reliability. The following is an example of using a strong type definition:

function multiply(int $a, int $b): int {
    return $a * $b;
}

$result = multiply(2, 3);
echo $result;

In the above code, by declaring the int type in the parameters and return values ​​of the function, it ensures that the input and output of the function are all integer types, avoiding potential of the wrong type.

4. Null safe operator

In previous PHP versions, when trying to access a variable that may be null, an error will occur if the variable is null. PHP8 introduces the Null safe operator (?->) to avoid errors when accessing variables that may be null. Here is an example of using the Null safe operator:

$user = getUser();

if ($user?->address?->city) {
    echo "用户所在城市：{$user->address->city}";
} else {
    echo "未知城市";
}

In the above code, if $user or $user->address is null, use Null Access using safe operators without errors.

PHP8 brings many exciting new features and improvements. This article introduces some of the important new features and provides corresponding code examples to help readers understand and practice these new features. Readers can flexibly use these new functions according to their actual needs to improve the performance and maintainability of PHP code. The introduction of these new features will further promote the application and development of PHP in Web development.

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